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Black HoleWelcome To My Space Economist.2007.10.20]How to be topEducation 教育 How to be top 如何攀登到塔尖 Oct 18th 2007 From The Economist print edition What works in education: the lessons according to McKinsey 是什么影响着教育：麦肯锡交上了答案 THE British government, says Sir Michael Barber, once an adviser to the former prime minister, Tony Blair, has changed pretty much every aspect of education policy in England and Wales, often more than once. “The funding of schools, the governance of schools, curriculum standards, assessment and testing, the role of local government, the role of national government, the range and nature of national agencies, schools admissions”—you name it, it's been changed and sometimes changed back. The only thing that hasn't changed has been the outcome. According to the National Foundation for Education Research, there had been (until recently) no measurable improvement in the standards of literacy and numeracy in primary schools for 50 years. 前首相托尼布莱尔的顾问迈克巴伯说，英国政府几乎已经对英格兰和威尔士教育政策的方方面面进行了修改，而且通常还不止一次。“教育经费，教学管理，课程标准，教学评估与检查，地方政府和联合政府的角色，国家行政机构的种类和职权，入学许可”——只要你想得起来的都被修改过，有些还被改了回去。万变之中唯一不变的便是结果。根据国家教育研究基金会，50年来针对小学生的读写能力与计算能力的指标没有任何重大改进。 England and Wales are not alone. Australia has almost tripled education spending per student since 1970. No improvement. American spending has almost doubled since 1980 and class sizes are the lowest ever. Again, nothing. No matter what you do, it seems, standards refuse to budge (see chart). To misquote Woody Allen, those who can't do, teach; those who can't teach, run the schools. 不单单是英格兰和威尔士，澳大利亚自1970年以来，对教育的投入几乎翻了两番，但结果同样毫无起色。美国对教育的花费比1980年高出几近一倍，同时班级人数也创历史新低。到头来还是一场空。就算你使尽浑身解数，指数自巍然不动（见表）。好似伍迪?艾伦（Woody Allen）的名言：干不了事的去教书，教不了书的就去管理学校吧。  Why bother, you might wonder. Nothing seems to matter. Yet something must. There are big variations in educational standards between countries. These have been measured and re-measured by the OECD's Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) which has established, first, that the best performing countries do much better than the worst and, second, that the same countries head such league tables again and again: Canada, Finland, Japan, Singapore, South Korea. 真是丈二和尚摸不着头脑。似乎没什么问题，但它又的的确确地存在。各个国家的教育标准不尽相同。经过经合组织（OECD）实施的国际学生评价项目 （PISA）的一再衡量可以确认两点。第一，严格按照标准行事的国家远好于将标准流于形式的国家；第二，做得好的始终就是那么几个：加拿大，芬兰，日本，新加坡，以及韩国。 Those findings raise what ought to be a fruitful question: what do the successful lot have in common? Yet the answer to that has proved surprisingly elusive. Not more money. Singapore spends less per student than most. Nor more study time. Finnish students begin school later, and study fewer hours, than in other rich countries. 上述结论引向了问题的关键：这些“状元榜”上的常客有什么灵丹妙药？然而答案却让人匪夷所思。少给点钱。新加坡为每位学生的花费比很多国家都要低；少花点时间。与其他富裕国家相比，芬兰学生入学较晚，在校时间也少。 Now, an organisation from outside the teaching fold—McKinsey, a consultancy that advises companies and governments—has boldly gone where educationalists have mostly never gone: into policy recommendations based on the PISA findings. Schools, it says*, need to do three things: get the best teachers; get the best out of teachers; and step in when pupils start to lag behind. That may not sound exactly “first-of-its-kind” (which is how Andreas Schleicher, the OECD's head of education research, describes McKinsey's approach): schools surely do all this already? Actually, they don't. If these ideas were really taken seriously, they would change education radically. 而现在，麦肯锡（McKinsey）——这个企业和政府咨询顾问，这个教育系统的局外人，高调地走进了连教育家都从未涉入的领域：基于国际学生评价项目的政策建议。根据《世界顶尖学校顶尖在哪里》一书，学校应该做好三件事：聘请最好的老师；让老师竭尽所能；对开始退步的学生进行帮助。这听起来并不是“史无前例”（这是经合组织教育研究负责人安德里亚?施莱歇尔（Andreas Schleicher）形容麦肯锡所提出的方法时说的）：学校是不是的的确确都已经做到了呢？实际上，答案是否定的。如果这些方案得到真真正正地落实，那么教育界将发生根本性的变化。 Begin with hiring the best. There is no question that, as one South Korean official put it, “the quality of an education system cannot exceed the quality of its teachers.” Studies in Tennessee and Dallas have shown that, if you take pupils of average ability and give them to teachers deemed in the top fifth of the profession, they end up in the top 10% of student performers; if you give them to teachers from the bottom fifth, they end up at the bottom. The quality of teachers affects student performance more than anything else. 让我们从聘请最好的老师讲起。毫无疑问，正如韩国官方提出的：“没有高质量的老师，那么高质量的教育系统就是空中楼阁。”对田纳西州（Tennessee）和达拉斯（Dallas）的研究表明，如果将普通能力的学生交给五位行业中所公认的最为顶尖老师，他们将跻身10%的顶尖学生行列。如果把他们交给五位垫底的老师，其结果便是这五位学生也是垫底。真可谓有什么样的老师就有什么样的学生。老师的影响力是无可比拟的。 Yet most school systems do not go all out to get the best. The New Commission on the Skills of the American Workforce, a non-profit organisation, says America typically recruits teachers from the bottom third of college graduates. Washington, DC recently hired as chancellor for its public schools an alumna of an organisation called Teach for America, which seeks out top graduates and hires them to teach for two years. Both her appointment and the organisation caused a storm. 然而大多数的学校在聘请好老师方面并没有全力以赴。一个非盈利组织——美国劳动力技能新委员会（The New Commission on the Skills of the American Workforce）说，美国招聘老师通常是选择排名下游的大学毕业生。近日华盛顿雇请了一位从“教为美国”（Teach for America）组织（该组织搜寻顶尖的毕业生，并聘请他们教书两年。）走出来的女毕业生负责公立中小学事务。她的任命和该组织本身都引发了不小的地震。 A bias against the brightest happens partly because of lack of money (governments fear they cannot afford them), and partly because other aims get in the way. Almost every rich country has sought to reduce class size lately. Yet all other things being equal, smaller classes mean more teachers for the same pot of money, producing lower salaries and lower professional status. That may explain the paradox that, after primary school, there seems little or no relationship between class size and educational achievement. 与美好愿望产生偏差原因有二。其一是缺乏资金（政府担心他们负担不起），其二则是目标导向出现了问题。几乎每个富裕国家在近几年都千方百计地减少班级人数，而其他的待遇不变。这必然引起僧多粥少的局面。班级变小导致的教师数量增加，使得老师工资缩水和职业地位下降。这似乎可以用来解释一个悖论：小学过后，班级大小与教育成果之间几乎没有什么联系了。 Asian values or good policy? 亚洲人的价值观念还是好的政策？  McKinsey argues that the best performing education systems nevertheless manage to attract the best. In Finland all new teachers must have a master's degree. South Korea recruits primary-school teachers from the top 5% of graduates, Singapore and Hong Kong from the top 30%. 在麦肯锡看来，那些表现最好的教育系统仍然在设法吸引最好的老师。在芬兰，所有的新老师都必须具有硕士学位。韩国从排名前5%的大学毕业生中招聘小学老师，而新加坡和香港的范围则是排名前30%的毕业生。 They do this in a surprising way. You might think that schools should offer as much money as possible, seek to attract a large pool of applicants into teacher training and then pick the best. Not so, says McKinsey. If money were so important, then countries with the highest teacher salaries—Germany, Spain and Switzerland—would presumably be among the best. They aren't. In practice, the top performers pay no more than average salaries. 他们的做法也非同寻常。大家都认为学校会尽可能多地拿出钱来吸引大批求职者进行教师培训，然后从中挑选佼佼者。但麦肯锡说事实并非这样。如果钱字当头，那么那些教师收入最高的国家——德国、西班牙以及瑞典应该榜上有名，但事实并非如此。实际上，在那些排名靠前的国家，教师收入只能达到平均水平而已。 Nor do they try to encourage a big pool of trainees and select the most successful. Almost the opposite. Singapore screens candidates with a fine mesh before teacher training and accepts only the number for which there are places. Once in, candidates are employed by the education ministry and more or less guaranteed a job. Finland also limits the supply of teacher-training places to demand. In both countries, teaching is a high-status profession (because it is fiercely competitive) and there are generous funds for each trainee teacher (because there are few of them). 另外，他们也不会拿钱去给一大堆人做培训，然后选出出类拔萃的。恰恰相反，新加坡在进行教师培训之前就要进行严格的筛选，然后根据职位的多少决定录取多少应聘者。只要筛选过关，这些人就被教育部门所录用，基本上算得到了这份工作。芬兰也根据需求来限制为教师培训提供地点。在这两个国家，教师都是崇高的职业（因为这个行业竞争激烈），并且为每位受训教师提供的经费也相当丰厚（因为他们只是很小的一部分）。 South Korea shows how the two systems produce different results. Its primary-school teachers have to pass a four-year undergraduate degree from one of only a dozen universities. Getting in requires top grades; places are rationed to match vacancies. In contrast, secondary-school teachers can get a diploma from any one of 350 colleges, with laxer selection criteria. This has produced an enormous glut of newly qualified secondary-school teachers—11 for each job at last count. As a result, secondary-school teaching is the lower status job in South Korea; everyone wants to be a primary-school teacher. The lesson seems to be that teacher training needs to be hard to get into, not easy. 看韩国将两种系统整合后产生了多么不寻常的结果。要当小学老师，必须拿到限定的12所大学中某一所大学的学士学位；拿到要求的高学分；并且按照职缺进行招聘。与此不同的是，初中老师只要拿到350所高校中任意一所的毕业证即可，招聘的标准也不严格。这就导致了庞大的初中老师新兵群——根据最近的一次统计，每个职位有11个合格者。结果，在韩国初中教师的地位比较低，大家都想去做小学老师。教训可以归纳为：想要踏上教师培训这条船，难着呢！ Teaching the teachers 让老师走进教室 Having got good people, there is a temptation to shove them into classrooms and let them get on with it. For understandable reasons, teachers rarely get much training in their own classrooms (in contrast, doctors do a lot of training in hospital wards). But successful countries can still do much to overcome the difficulty. 优秀的人已经走进学校，接下来就要尝试让他们走进教室，做自己该做的事情。基于一些很容易理解的原因，老师在教室里没什么练习的机会（医生却不同，他们可以做实习医院做大量的练习）。但是那些成功国家依然可以做大量的工作来克服这一难题。 Singapore provides teachers with 100 hours of training a year and appoints senior teachers to oversee professional development in each school. In Japan and Finland, groups of teachers visit each others' classrooms and plan lessons together. In Finland, they get an afternoon off a week for this. In Boston, which has one of America's most improved public-school systems, schedules are arranged so that those who teach the same subject have free classes together for common planning. This helps spread good ideas around. As one educator remarked, “when a brilliant American teacher retires, almost all of the lesson plans and practices that she has developed also retire. When a Japanese teacher retires, she leaves a legacy.” 新加坡每年为老师提供100小时的培训时间，并且让特级教师到每个学校去检查职业发展状况。在日本和芬兰，同一教研组的老师们相互交叉听课，共同备课。在芬兰，老师们每周都要为此空出一个下午的时间来。波士顿拥有美国最好的公立学校系统，他们安排课程表会考虑到可以让教授同一门课程的老师们有时间一起进行日常备课。这有助于让好的教学方法流传推广。一位教育学家指出：“在美国，当一位优秀的老师退休时，他含辛茹苦完成的教案和教学实践也跟着退休了。而日本的退休老师则把他们的教案放在了学校。”  Lastly, the most successful countries are distinctive not just in whom they employ so things go right but in what they do when things go wrong, as they always do. For the past few years, almost all countries have begun to focus more attention on testing, the commonest way to check if standards are falling. McKinsey's research is neutral on the usefulness of this, pointing out that while Boston tests every student every year, Finland has largely dispensed with national examinations. Similarly, schools in New Zealand and England and Wales are tested every three or four years and the results published, whereas top-of-the-class Finland has no formal review and keeps the results of informal audits confidential. 最后，那些最为成功的国家之所以与众不同，不仅仅在于他们雇佣了什么人来让系统运转良好，而且还在于当系统出现问题时，他们如何补救，正如他们一直所做的那样。近几年来，几乎所有的国家都开始关注测验——这是检验标准是否下降最常见的手段。针对测验的必要性，麦肯锡的调查很中立。他们指出波士顿每年都要对每位学生进行测验，而芬兰基本已经免除了国家考试。同样，新西兰、英格兰和威尔士的学校每隔三四年进行一次测验。当结论公之于众后，处于第一等的芬兰并没有给出正式评论，算是默认了这份非正式的结论。 But there is a pattern in what countries do once pupils and schools start to fail. The top performers intervene early and often. Finland has more special-education teachers devoted to laggards than anyone else—as many as one teacher in seven in some schools. In any given year, a third of pupils get one-on-one remedial lessons. Singapore provides extra classes for the bottom 20% of students and teachers are expected to stay behind—often for hours—after school to help students. 但这些国家自有一套去应对开始退步的学生和学校。那些拥有顶尖教育的国家介入及时而且很频繁。芬兰有很多从事特殊教育的老师，他们专注于差等生。在一些学校中，这部分老师所占比例高达1/8。每年都有三分之一的学生得到了一对一的补课机会。新加坡为排名倒数20%的学生加课，老师们被要求在放学之后留下来帮助这群学生。 None of this is rocket science. Yet it goes against some of the unspoken assumptions of education policy. Scratch a teacher or an administrator (or a parent), and you often hear that it is impossible to get the best teachers without paying big salaries; that teachers in, say, Singapore have high status because of Confucian values; or that Asian pupils are well behaved and attentive for cultural reasons. McKinsey's conclusions seem more optimistic: getting good teachers depends on how you select and train them; teaching can become a career choice for top graduates without paying a fortune; and that, with the right policies, schools and pupils are not doomed to lag behind. 听起来容易做起来难。。随便抓一个老师或者校长（或者一个家长），你都会听到他们说没有好的待遇怎么可能得到最好的老师呢。在新加坡老师崇高的地位那是因为儒家思想的作用；或者说亚洲学生勤奋刻苦是受到了亚洲文化的熏陶。麦肯锡的结论似乎还要乐观一些：得到好老师在于你如果选择，如何培训；教师完全可以成为那些优秀毕业生的职业选择，而无需多丰厚的薪水；并且决策正确，学校和学生就不应该是注定落后的苦命。 20 octobre [Economist.2007.10.20]Live fast, love hard, die youngEvolution 进化 Live fast, love hard, die young 老得快，爱得苦，死得早 Oct 18th 2007 From The Economist print edition Chasing females can take years off life 追求女性要折寿 IN THE cause of equal rights, feminists have had much to complain about. But one striking piece of inequality has been conveniently overlooked: lifespan. In this area, women have the upper hand. All round the world, they live longer than men. Why they should do so is not immediately obvious. But the same is true in many other species. From lions to antelope and from sea lions to deer, males, for some reason, simply can't go the distance. 在权力平等的话题上，女权主义者抱怨连连。但有一处极为明显的不平等却被视而不见：那就是寿命。在这个问题上，女人自有其优势。纵观全球，女人的寿命总比男人的要长。在其他很多物种中亦是如此。无论从狮子到羚羊，还是从海狮到鹿，雄性动物总是以某种原因夭亡在雌性的前面。但这种状况的原因却非显而易见。 One theory is that males must compete for female attention. That means evolution is busy selecting for antlers, aggression and alloy wheels in males, at the expense of longevity. Females are not subject to such pressures. If this theory is correct, the effect will be especially noticeable in those species where males compete for the attention of lots of females. Conversely, it will be reduced or absent where they do not. 有一种说法是雄性必须通过竞争来获得雌性的青睐。这就意味着进化法则注重于雄性标志、攻击性及其手中权柄，而代价则是寿命。雌性则不必承受这种压力。如果这种说法正确，则在“多妻共侍一夫”的物种中其影响会很明显。如果不是这样，这个说法就不值一提了。 To test that idea, Tim Clutton-Brock of Cambridge University and Kavita Isvaran of the Indian Institute of Science in Bengalooru decided to compare monogamous and polygynous species (in the latter, a male monopolises a number of females). They wanted to find out whether polygynous males had lower survival rates and aged faster than those of monogamous species. To do so, they collected the relevant data for 35 species of long-lived birds and mammals. 为了检验这种说法，剑桥大学（Cambridge University）的提姆•克拉顿•布罗克（Tim Clutton-Brock）和本加鲁鲁（Bengalooru）印度理学院（Indian Institute of Science）的卡维塔•艾斯瓦拉（Kavita Isvaran）决定在一雌一雄物种和一雄多雌物种之间做比较（后者中，雄性占有大量的雌性）。他们要查明一雄多雌物种与一雌一雄物种相比，是否存活率更低，而且老得更快。为了得到答案，他们收集了35种寿命长的鸟类和哺乳动物的相关数据。 As they report this week in the Proceedings of the Royal Society, the pattern was much as they expected. In 16 of the 19 polygynous species in their sample, males of all ages were much more likely to die during any given period than were females. Furthermore, the older they got, the bigger the mortality gap became. In other words, they aged faster. Males from monogamous species did not show these patterns. 正如他们在本周的《皇家社会学报》（Proceedings of the Royal Society）上所发表的，结果相当符合他们的预期。在19个一雄多雌物种样本中有16个物种，其各个生命段的雄性在既定时期内的死亡率要高于雌性。而且随着他们年纪的增长，死亡率之间的间隔也随之拉大。也就是说，他们衰老的速度在加快。而一雌一雄物种中的雄性则未有此般情形出现。 The point about polygyny, according to Dr Clutton-Brock, is that if one male has exclusive access to, say, ten females, another nine males will be waiting to topple the harem master as soon as he shows the first sign of weakness. The intense competitive pressure means that individuals who succeed put all their efforts into one or two breeding seasons. 根据克拉顿•布罗克博士的说法，如果一个雄性独享十个雌性，那么就有另外九个雄性虎视眈眈。只要它稍有闪失，这九个雄性就会将这个妻妾成群的家伙赶下台。如此剧烈的竞争压力意味着成功者在1-2个繁殖期内要全力以赴。 That obviously takes its toll directly. But a more subtle effect may also be at work. Most students of ageing agree that an animal's maximum lifespan is set by how long it can reasonably expect to escape predation, disease, accident and damaging aggression by others of its kind. If it will be killed quickly anyway, there is not much reason for evolution to divert scarce resources into keeping the machine in tip-top condition. Those resources should, instead, be devoted to reproduction. And the more threatening the outside world is, the shorter the maximum lifespan should be. 这显然要付出寿命的代价。不过还有个不太明显的因素也起着作用。大多数学生认为，动物的最长寿命还取决于对它们逃脱各种危险的时间的合理预期，危险包括被捕食、疾病、意外事故以及其他动物的危险侵犯。如果某动物毙命于上述情况的哪一种，那么在进化法则下就没什么理由要把稀有的资源用在这个动物上，而应该将这部分资源用于繁殖。外界的威胁越多，最长寿命期就应当相应地越短。 There is no reason why that logic should not work between the sexes as well as between species. And this is what Dr Clutton-Brock and Dr Isvaran seem to have found. The test is to identify a species that has made its environment so safe that most of its members die of old age, and see if the difference continues to exist. Fortunately, there is such a species: man. 这种通行于物种之间的逻辑为何在性别之间却行不通，答案无从知晓。这似乎正是克拉顿•布罗克博士和艾斯瓦拉博士所研究的。这个测验旨在找到一种物种：它的环境足够安全，可以让其成员终老。然后看其中区别是否依然存在。还好，这种物种是存在的，那便是人类。 Dr Clutton-Brock reckons that the sex difference in both human rates of ageing and in the usual age of death is an indicator that polygyny was the rule in humanity's evolutionary past—as it still is, in some places. That may not please some feminists, but it could be the price women have paid for outliving their menfolk. 克拉顿•布罗克博士猜测，人类变老速度以及通常死亡年龄在性别之间存在的差异表明了人类进化史上一夫多妻是很普遍的——现在在某些地方依然如此。这也许会引起女权主义者的不悦，但女人比男人更长命这点可以算作对她们的补偿吧。 13 octobre [Economist]Blowing in the windSpace dust 太空尘埃 Blowing in the wind 飘 Oct 11th 2007 From The Economist print edition The building blocks of planets and people come from black holes 星球与人都从黑洞中走来 WHEN the writer of Genesis said man was made of dust, he spoke true. And not just man. The whole Earth was made from dust particles in orbit around the primitive sun, as were all the other solid objects in the solar system. But how did the dust itself come into existence? 《创世纪》的作者说人是尘土做的，此话不假。而且不仅仅人是尘土造的，包括地球在内的、整个太阳系的固体物质都是由环绕早期太阳的尘埃造的。但是尘埃本身又是如何形成的呢？ That is a puzzle. Modern space dust blows off stars that formed about 10 billion years ago. These stars would have been too young to have shed much of the stuff by the time that the solar system formed, 4.5 billion years ago. The universe's primordial dust must therefore have come from somewhere else—and a team of researchers led by Ciska Markwick-Kemper of the University of Manchester think they know where. The answer is from black holes. 这是个未解之谜。现代太空尘埃由恒星形成100亿年之后喷发出来。但太阳系形成于45亿年前，似乎这些恒星都过于年轻而不可能产生这如此之多的尘埃。那么宇宙间的早期尘埃肯定来自什么别的地方——由曼彻斯特大学（University of Manchester）的Ciska Markwick-Kemper领衔的研究组认为他们知道尘埃来自何方——那就是黑洞。 The black holes in question are at the centres of quasars. These formed shortly after the universe began and they came to the attention of earthling astronomers because quasars are powerful radio sources. The radio waves (and lots of other radiation) are the result of matter being drawn into the black hole and releasing energy as it falls. But not all this matter is swallowed. Some is baked, transformed and spat out again. It was this transformation that interested Dr Markwick-Kemper. 我们所讨论的黑洞位于类星体的中心。它们紧随宇宙伊始而形成，并因类星体是巨大的无线电波发射源而进入天文学家的视野。物质被吸入黑洞的过程，以及其下落时释放能量的过程，都会产生无线电波（还有大量其他射线）。但不是所有的这种物质都被吞噬进去了。其中一些在经过烘培、转化之后，又被释放出来。Markwick-Kemper博士所感兴趣的正是这种转化。 Suspecting that it might be the source of primordial dust, she recruited a space telescope called Spitzer to look at a quasar called PG 2112+059 in more detail. Spitzer is tuned to pick up infra-red radiation—the sort of radiation emitted by dust that has been heated. And the details of the spectrum of infra-red radiation given off by a speck of dust will betray its composition. Markwick-Kemper博士将名为PG2112+059的类星体假想成早期尘埃的来源，启用了太空望远镜——斯匹策红（Spitzer）对其进行了更为细致的观察。斯匹策红用来分离红外线，这是被加热过后的尘埃所放射出的一种射线。通过对少量尘埃放射的红外线进行光谱分析，就可以得到尘埃的构成成分。 Dr Markwick-Kemper and her colleagues report their findings in a forthcoming edition of Astrophysical Journal Letters. The dust around PG 2112+059 contains large quantities of rock-forming minerals, including crystalline forms of silica (essentially, small sand grains), a form of aluminium oxide called corundum (better known on Earth as the principal ingredient of rubies and sapphires) and a form of magnesium oxide called periclase (which is present in marble). Markwick-Kemper博士及其同事将在新一期的《天体物理杂志通讯》(Astrophysical Journal Letters)发表他们的发现。PG 2112+059类星体周围的尘埃含有大量形成岩石的矿物，包括硅晶石（基本上是小沙粒），被称作刚玉的铝氧化物（更为通俗易懂的说法是红宝石和蓝宝石的主要成分），以及镁氧化物——方镁石（存在于大理石中）。 These minerals must have been produced by the quasar, Dr Markwick-Kemper argues, because their crystal structures would not survive long in the hostile conditions of outer space. Cosmic rays would zap them into an amorphous, glass-like state. Moreover, corundum and periclase have not been detected in space dust before. Their association with the quasar is therefore strong evidence that this is the object that created them. A human being may still be a handful of dust. But that dust has had an exciting history. Dr Markwick-Kemper认为，这些矿物肯定是类星体产生的，因为在外太空它们的晶状结构很难长时间存在。宇宙射线会将它们打回到无定形玻璃态。而且，此前在太空尘埃中还未侦测到刚玉和方镁石。因此存在于类星体中的事实为类星体创造了它们提供了强有力的证据。人类可能就是一抷土。不过这抷土有着饶有兴趣的历史。 8 octobre [Economist][2007.10.7]A god of small thingsSpeciation 物种形成 A god of small things 微物之神Oct 4th 2007 From The Economist print edition Natural selection in the laboratory creates a new species of virus 物竞天择下，实验室中创造出新型病毒 FOR most people, the idea of isolation is an uncomfortable one. It interests Paul Turner, however, because it goes hand in hand with the formation of new species. Dr Turner is a biologist at Yale University, and he and his team have just become the first people to create a new biological species in a laboratory by encouraging the sort of ecological isolation that happens in the wild. Admittedly the species in question is a virus, but the proof of principle is important. Moreover, Dr Turner's method might be adapted to examine how animal viruses jump the species barrier to become agents of human disease. 没哪个人愿意被隔离起来。保罗特纳却对此兴趣盎然。只不过这隔离伴随着新物种的形成。作为耶鲁大学的生物学家，特纳博士与他的团队运用了只有在自然界才发生的生态隔绝，从而成为了在实验室创造出新物种的始作俑者。诚然，这个正被讨论的物种是一个病毒，但其原理的证明却很重要。而且，特纳博士的方法可能适用于查明病毒如何跳出物种的羁绊，成为引发人类疾病的病原体。 One definition of a species is a group of organisms whose members can breed with each other but not with outsiders. Such groups can form in several ways. One is that a species splits into groups that adapt to different foodstuffs. If those foodstuffs live in different places, the groups will never meet. Since they no longer meet, they no longer interbreed. They have thus become ecologically isolated and natural selection can then drive their genetic make-ups apart. 对物种的一种定义是：有这样一组生物体，其成员相互交配与不与外界生物体进行交配。这样的群体可以通过若干种方式形成。其中之一便是某物种由于对不同食物的适应性而被划分成不同的群体。倘若这些食物分布在不同的地方，那么这些群体就无法碰面。因为他们不再碰面，所以他们也无法进行交配繁殖。这样就导致了生态隔离，而物竞天择使得他们的基因组成也产生了差异。 It has been a source of disappointment to researchers into evolution that although they can replicate the effects of natural selection on individual traits (for example, resistance to pesticides or changes in behaviour), no one has managed to evolve a new species this way. Laboratory species have been created only by the isolating effects of hybridisation. Speciation by hybridisation does happen in the wild, but is exceptional. 在实验室创造出新物种让从事进化论研究的人员沮丧万分。他们可以复制出由于物竞天择对物种特性的影响（譬如对杀虫剂的抵抗力或者行为改变），但没有一人尝试以这样的方法创造出新的物种。实验室新物种仅仅是通过屏蔽杂交的影响而被创造出来。通过杂交形成新物种在自然界存在，不过几率很低。 As they report in Evolution, Dr Turner and his team performed their trick with a type of virus called a bacteriophage. As their name suggests, these infect bacteria. Those the team study can live in more than one bacterial species. 在《进化》上发表的文章中，特纳博士与他的团队用一种名为噬菌体的病毒来展示他们的新发现。噬菌体，顾名思义它们能感染细菌。他们所研究的这种病毒可以寄生在多种细菌体中。 The normal versions of Dr Turner's phages are able to parasitise four types of bacteria. He and his team, however, found a mutant that could infect two additional species. They cultivated a population of this mutant in one of the newly available species and found that after 15 days it had adapted to its new host so well that it had lost the ability to infect other bacteria. It had thus become effectively isolated, because it could never hook up with individuals from other strains. It could therefore be considered a new species. 特纳博士所用的噬菌体能够寄生于四种细菌中。然而特纳博士及其团队发现有一变种能感染另外两种细菌。他们随即将一定数量的变种放置到单一新细菌的环境中进行培养。15天后发现这个变种很好地适应了新的寄主，而且丧失了感染另一个细菌的能力。这说明对它的隔离极为有效，因为它无法吸引同类个体了。至此它可以被当作一个新的种类了。 Bacteria are not people, of course. Neither are phages retroviruses. But what Dr Turner has done is logically equivalent to the step taken by, for example, one particular chimpanzee retrovirus when it leapt to humans and evolved into what is now known as HIV. By showing that viruses can evolve into new species this way in the laboratory, Dr Turner may thus have invented a tool with medical applications. And he has certainly given a psychological boost to evolutionary biologists. 当然，细菌不等同于人。噬菌体反转录病毒也是一样。人类感染了非洲黑猩猩身上的一种特殊的反转录病毒，这种病毒就会发展成现在人所共知的HIV病毒。而特纳博士所做的在逻辑上就等同于这种病毒进化的步骤。通过演示病毒可以在实验室中以此方式繁衍出新的种类，特纳博士就能够发明一种服务于医学的工具，而且毫无疑问，他也鼓舞了进化生物学家的士气。 5 octobre [Economist]Chinese carmakersChinese carmakers 中国汽车制作商 Nyet 不 Oct 4th 2007 | HONG KONG From The Economist print edition Russia slams the door on Chinese car factories 俄罗斯对中国汽车工厂关上大门 THIS week saw two curious announcements concerning Russian cars. First, China's Xinhua news agency reported that Russia's Economic Development and Trade Commission had issued a decree forbidding foreign carmakers from building new plants. The next day Italy's Fiat elaborated plans to do just that, saying it would make 60,000 cars a year at a new factory in the Volga region in partnership with Severstal Auto, a Russian firm. The “decree”, it appears, applies only to manufacturers from China. 本周有两条与俄罗斯汽车相关的声明颇让人感到奇怪。第一条来自中国新华社：俄罗斯经济贸易委员会已经发出法令，禁止国外汽车制作商新建工厂。而次日，意大利菲亚特（Fiat）汽车公司详细阐述了一项计划：与其合作伙伴俄罗斯谢韦尔汽车公司（Severstal Auto）在伏尔加地区的新工厂每年将生产6万辆汽车。这项“法令”貌似是为中国的制造商特定的。 Seven Chinese car companies have so far applied for licences in Russia but only one of them, Chery Automobile, has been granted approval. Yet all their big American, European, Japanese and South Korean rivals have got the go-ahead; several are already making cars in Russia. Now there are reports that Russian carmakers are lobbying for Chery's licence to be revoked. 目前有七家中国汽车公司在俄罗斯申请许可证，但只有奇瑞汽车公司（Chery Automobile）得到了批准。 而他们所有的重量级对手，无论来自欧美还是来自日本韩国的，都早已拿到通行证；其中一些已经开始在俄罗斯生产汽车了。现在有报道说俄罗斯的汽车制造商正暗地里活动，试图让奇瑞的许可证变成废纸一张。 Another Chinese firm, Great Wall, first declared its intention to invest $40m in a plant in the region of Tatarstan 18 months ago. It says it remains in negotiations with the Russian authorities. But according to Xinhua, the decree will force it and the five other Chinese applicants to revisit their plans for Russia. 另一家中国公司——长城汽车公司在18个月前，首位宣布有意在鞑靼斯坦地区投资四千万美元建厂。据说此事还在与俄罗斯当局进行磋商。但根据新华社的报道，那项禁令迫使长城及其它五家中国公司在俄罗斯重找出路。 Part of the explanation may be doubts about the safety of Chinese cars. A video of China's best-selling car in Russia, the $9,000 Chery Amulet, collapsing as if made from cardboard when crash-tested by a Russian magazine has become a favourite on YouTube. Chinese cars have also performed poorly in German safety tests. 有种说法是对中国汽车安全性的质疑。在俄罗斯某杂志所设置的撞击测试中，价值9000美元、最为畅销的奇瑞旗云（Amulet）轿车被撞了个稀巴烂，好像这车是纸糊的似的。这个视频引得大家在YouTube竞相争看。中国的汽车在德国安全性测试中同样也表现拙劣。 But Russia's rebuff may stem as much from Chinese carmakers' successes as from their failings. Until 2005 there were no exports of Chinese cars to Russia at all. This year, 120,000 vehicles are expected to arrive. In a country where 2.1m vehicles were sold last year, the Chinese manufacturers' volumes are still small. But, according to official figures, Chery's sales grew by 580% in the first eight months of 2007, to 24,000. Other foreign brands grew by an average 66%. 不过俄罗斯对中国汽车的禁令不仅缘于中国汽车商的弱势，也缘于他们的强势。2005年之前没一辆中国车出口到俄罗斯，而今年中国对俄罗斯的汽车出口量达到12万辆。在这个去年有210万汽车销售量的国度，中国制造商的销售量只是九牛一毛。但是根据官方数据，奇瑞在2007年的头8个月里，销售增长率为580%，销售量达到24000。而其他国外品牌的平均增长率为66%。 “Russia is one of the most promising markets for Great Wall,” Shang Yugui, a spokesman for the company, said this week. Unlike Western carmakers, Chinese ones compete head-on with Russia's indigenous manufacturers on price. That makes them really dangerous. 本周，长城汽车的发言人商玉贵说：“对长城来说，俄罗斯是最有销路的市场。”与西方汽车制造商不同的是，中国汽车制造商同俄罗斯当地的制造商正面竞争的筹码就是价格。这就让他们的日子很不好过了。 1 octobre [Economist]Ethanol, schmethanolAdvanced biofuels 先进的生物燃料 Ethanol, schmethanol 乙醇在左，甲醇在右 Sep 27th 2007 | EMERYVILLE, REDWOOD CITY AND SAN CARLOS, CALIFORNIA From The Economist print edition  Everyone seems to think that ethanol is a good way to make cars greener. Everyone is wrong 似乎每个人都认为乙醇可以使汽车更环保。但大家都错了。 SOMETIMES you do things simply because you know how to. People have known how to make ethanol since the dawn of civilisation, if not before. Take some sugary liquid. Add yeast. Wait. They have also known for a thousand years how to get that ethanol out of the formerly sugary liquid and into a more or less pure form. You heat it up, catch the vapour that emanates, and cool that vapour down until it liquefies. 有时你做某些事的原因仅仅是你知道如何去做。如果不能说在人类文明开始之前人们就学会制造乙醇，那这也是人类文明刚刚出现就有的事了。取些含糖的液体，往里面加些酵母，然后搁置。他们还知道如何将乙醇从含糖液体提取出来，从而得到较为纯净的乙醇。将其加热，收集散发出来的蒸汽，然后将蒸汽冷却至其液化。这也是1000年前的事了。 The result burns. And when Henry Ford was experimenting with car engines a century ago, he tried ethanol out as a fuel. But he rejected it—and for good reason. The amount of heat you get from burning a litre of ethanol is a third less than that from a litre of petrol. What is more, it absorbs water from the atmosphere. Unless it is mixed with some other fuel, such as petrol, the result is corrosion that can wreck an engine's seals in a couple of years. So why is ethanol suddenly back in fashion? That is the question many biotechnologists in America have recently asked themselves. 有了乙醇，定当燃烧。当亨利福特一个世纪之前对汽车引擎进行实验时，他尝试着用乙醇作为燃料。但是他有理有据地否决了这个想法。燃烧一升乙醇所得到的热量小于燃烧同等容量汽油的三分之一。而且乙醇要吸收大气中的水。除非它混同一些其他燃料，譬如汽油，而其结果就是腐蚀。这将在几年的功夫里损坏引擎的密封条。那么乙醇突然又风靡起来的原因是什么呢？这正是让生物技术学家百思不得其解的问题。 The obvious answer is that, being derived from plants, ethanol is “green”. The carbon dioxide produced by burning it was recently in the atmosphere. Putting that CO2 back into the air can therefore have no adverse effect on the climate. But although that is true, the real reason ethanol has become the preferred green substitute for petrol is that people know how to make it—that, and the subsidies now available to America's maize farmers to produce the necessary feedstock. Yet such things do not stop ethanol from being a lousy fuel. To solve that, the biotechnologists argue, you need to make a better fuel that is equally green. Which is what they are trying to do. 答案显而易见，那便是——源自绿色植物的乙醇显得很“绿色”。乙醇燃烧生成的二氧化碳气体被排放到大气中，这一吸一放对气候也不会有什么不好的影响。话虽这么说，但乙醇成为汽油首选的绿色替代品的真正原因是人们知道如何制造乙醇——美国种植玉米的农民已经拿着了津贴去生产必需的原料了。然而这一切也难阻乙醇流于垃圾燃料的行列。生物技术学家认为，要解决这个问题就要制造出更好的燃料，而且与乙醇同等环保。这也正是他们目前所做的事情。 Designer petrol 设计汽油 The first step on the road has been butanol. This is also a type of alcohol that can be made by fermenting sugar (though the fermentation is done by a species of bacterium rather than by yeast), and it has some advantages over ethanol. It has more carbon atoms in its molecules (four, instead of two), which means more energy per litre—though it is still only 85% as rich as petrol. It also has a lower tendency to absorb water from the atmosphere. 在寻找新燃料的路上迈出的第一步便是丁醇。它也是醇类的一种，可以通过是糖发酵而得（尽管发酵是由细菌而非酵母完成）。而且与乙醇相比，它确有优势。丁醇分子中含有等多的碳原子（4个，不是2个），这意味着每升含有更多的能量。不过这也仍仅是汽油每升含有能量的85%。另外丁醇不怎么吸收大气中水。 A joint venture between DuPont, a large American chemical company, and BP, a British energy firm, has worked out how to industrialise the process of making biobutanol, as the chemical is commonly known when it is the product of fermentation. Although BP plans to start selling the stuff in the next few weeks (mixed with petrol, to start with), the truth is that butanol is not all that much better than ethanol. The interesting activity is elsewhere. 美国大型化工企业杜邦（DuPont）公司与英国石油公司（BP）合资解决如何使生物丁醇的加工处理工业化，尽管这种化学物质被当作发酵产物而广为认知。英国石油公司（BP）计划在几周后开始销售该产品（开始阶段会将丁醇混合汽油），但事实是丁醇比乙醇强不到哪儿去。别处更有热闹动静。 One route might be to go for yet-larger (and thus energy-richer) alcohol molecules. Any simple alcohol is composed of a number of carbon and hydrogen atoms (like a hydrocarbon such as petrol) together with a single oxygen atom. In practice, this game of topping up the carbon content to make a better fuel stops with octanol (eight carbon atoms) as anything bigger tends to freeze at temperatures that might be encountered in winter. But living things are familiar with alcohols. Their enzymes are geared up to cope with them. This makes the biotechnologists' task that much easier. 一种思路是尽力获取更大的醇类分子（这样更富含能量）。任何一种简单醇类都是有大量的碳分子和氢分子（如同碳氢化合物，譬如汽油）以及单个氧原子组成。在实践中，以增加碳原子去迎合制造出更好燃料的把戏终止于辛醇（含有8个碳原子）。因为含有更多碳原子的醇将在冬日的低温下易于冻结。但是生物很熟悉醇类。它们中的酶正加紧对付醇。这便使得生物技术学家的担子轻多了。 The idea of engineering enzymes to make octanol was what first brought Codexis, a small biotechnology firm based in Redwood City, California, into the field. Codexis's technology works with pharmaceutical precision—indeed, one of its main commercial products is the enzyme system for making the chemical precursor to Lipitor, a cholesterol-lowering drug that is marketed by Pfizer. Codexis controls most of the important patents for what is known as molecular evolution. This designs enzymes in the way that normal evolution designs organisms. It creates lots of variations on a theme, throws away the ones it does not want, and shuffles the rest in a process akin to sex. It then repeats the process on the survivors until something useful emerges—though, unlike natural evolution, there is a bit of intelligent design in the process, too. The result, according to Codexis's boss, Alan Shaw, is enzymes that can perform chemical transformations unknown in nature. 用酶来制造辛醇的想法首次把克迪科思（Codexis）公司带入了这个领域。克迪科思公司是家座落于加利福尼亚（California）红杉城（Redwood City）的小型生物技术公司。克迪科思公司致力于精密制药。它的主打商业产品之一是一种酶系统，用以使化学药品前体进入力普妥（Lipitor）——一种由辉瑞（Pfizer）公司销售的降低胆固醇的药品。克迪科思公司在分子进化上保有大多数重要的专利权。他们设计酶的方法尤同进化论下生物体的演化方式一般。它在一个主题下创造出很多变种，然后丢弃它不想要的，而把其他的收集起来，进行同类交配。然后再丢弃它不想要的，把幸存下来的进行同类交配。如此反复直到有用的酶出现。但也有不同于自然进化方式的是，在整个过程中还包含了智能设计。根据克迪科思公司老板的阿兰•肖的说法，其结果就是酶会在本质上完成一系列未知的化学变换。 Dr Shaw, however, is no longer so interested in octanol as a biofuel. Like two other, nearby firms, he is now focusing Codexis's attention on molecules even more chemically similar to petrol. The twist that Codexis brings is that unlike petrol, of which each batch from the refinery is chemically different from the others (because the crude oil from which it is derived is an arbitrary mixture of hydrocarbon molecules), biopetrol could be turned out exactly the same, again and again, and thus designed to have the optimal mixture of properties required of a motor fuel. 然而肖博士对于用辛醇做生物燃料已不再兴趣盎然。正像其附近的另外两家公司一样，他现在将克迪科思公司的注意力集中到与汽油分子的化学成分更相似的分子上去。克迪科思公司带来的改变是辛醇可以被确切证明是完全一模一样的，这是不同于汽油的。从精炼厂出来的每一批汽油在化学成分上都存有差异（原因在于汽油是从原油中提取的，而原油则是许多碳氢化合物随机混合物）。由于辛醇个个都一模一样，因而可以设计出特性符合引擎燃料的最佳混合物。 Exactly which molecules Codexis is most interested in these days, Dr Shaw is not yet willing to say. But Amyris Biotechnologies, which is also based in California, in Emeryville, and which also started by dabbling in drugs (in its case an antimalarial medicine called artemisinin), is slightly more forthcoming. Under the guidance of its founder Jay Keasling, it has been working on a type of isoprenoid (a class of chemicals that include rubber). 对于让克迪科思公司在这些日子发生兴趣的到底是什么分子，肖博士至今仍是守口如瓶。而同样位于加州艾莫里维尔（Emeryville），同样刚开始涉入制药行业阿米瑞斯生物技术公司（Amyris Biotechnologies）要稍微大方些。该公司在其创始人杰伊•科斯林（Jay Keasling）领导下致力于类异戊二烯(存在于橡胶中的一种化学物质)的研究。 Unlike Codexis, which deals in purified enzymes, Amyris employs a technique called synthetic biology, which turns living organisms into chemical reactors by assembling novel biochemical pathways within them. Dr Keasling and his colleagues scour the world for suitable enzymes, tweak them to make them work better, then sew the genes for the tweaked enzymes into a bacterium that thus turns out the desired product. That was how they produced artemisinin, which is also an isoprenoid. 克迪科思致力于精炼酶，而阿米瑞斯则通过将新奇的生化途径与活的有机体相结合，使活的有机体发生化学反应，美其名曰生物合成技术。科斯林博士及其同事满世界地找合适的酶，对它们进行调整以期得到更好的效果，然后给这调整好的酶补充基因，便得到了心仪的产品——一种细菌。这正是他们生产出阿耳特弥斯的办法。耳特弥斯也是一种类异戊二烯。 Isoprenoids have the advantage that, like alcohols, they are part of the natural biochemistry of many organisms. Enzymes to handle them are thus easy to come by. They have the additional advantage that some are pure hydrocarbons, like petrol. With a little judicious searching, Amyris thinks it has come up with isoprenoids that have the right characteristics to substitute for petrol. 类异戊二烯有个跟醇类一样的优势，那便是它们是许多有机体中生物化学成分所含有的。这样，控制它们的酶也自然容易得到。它们具有的另一个优势在于，它们中有些是纯粹的碳氢化合物，类似与汽油。阿米瑞斯公司认为，只要通过一番去伪存真，就会得到能够取代汽油的类异戊二烯。 The third Californian firm in the business, LS9 of San Carlos, is cutting to the chase. If petrol is what is wanted, petrol is what will be delivered. And diesel, too, although in this case the product is actually biodiesel, which is in some ways superior to the petroleum-based stuff. 加州第三家从事这个行业的公司——圣卡洛斯（San Carlos）LS9公司则是主本主题。汽油因有需求而被供应，柴油也不例外。不过此处的“柴油”实际乃是生物柴油，它在某些方面要强于石油衍生品。 LS9 also uses synthetic biology, but it has concentrated on controlling the pathways that make fatty acids. Like alcohols, fatty acids are molecules that have lots of hydrogen and carbon atoms, and a small amount of oxygen (in their case two oxygen atoms, rather than one). Plant oils consist of fatty acids combined with glycerol—and these fatty acids (for example, those from palm oil) are the main raw material for the biodiesel already sold today. LS9也使用合成生物，但他们一直集中精力在控制制造脂肪酸的方式上。脂肪酸和醇类很相似，它有着大量的氢原子和碳原子，以及数量很少的氧原子（它还有两个氧原子而非一个）。植物油就是有脂肪酸和丙三醇组成。而这些脂肪酸（譬如来自棕榈树的脂肪酸）正是今天市面上销售的生物柴油的主要原材料。 LS9 has used its technology to turn microbes into factories for fatty acids containing between eight and 20 carbon atoms—the optimal number for biodiesel. But it also plans to make what it calls “biocrude”. In this case the fatty acids would have 18-30 carbon atoms, and the final stage of the synthetic pathway would clip off the oxygen atoms to create pure hydrocarbons. This biocrude could be fed directly into existing oil refineries, without any need to modify them. LS9公司使用技术将微生物变成一个生产脂肪酸工厂。这种脂肪酸包含8-20碳原子，这对生物柴油来说最好不过。但是LS9公司也计划制造一种被称作“生物原油”的东西，其中的脂肪酸将含有18-30个碳原子，而在合成过程的最好阶段将剔除氧原子，从而得到纯碳氢化合物。这种生物柴油可以直接送去现在炼油厂而无需做任何改变。 These firms, however, have one other competitor. His name is Craig Venter. Dr Venter, a veteran of biotechnological scraps ranging from gene patenting to the private human-genome project, has been interested in bioenergy for a long time. To start with, it was hydrogen that caught his eye, then methane—both of which are natural bacterial products. But now that eye is shifting towards liquid fuels. His company, modestly named Synthetic Genomics (and based, unlike the others, on the east side of America, in Rockville, Maryland), is reluctant to discuss details, but Dr Venter, too, is taken with the pharmaceutical analogy. Indeed, he goes as far as to posit the idea of clinical trials for biofuels—presumably pitting one against another, perhaps with petroleum-based products acting as the control, and without the drivers knowing which was which. 然而，还有个人要跟上述公司分一杯羹。那便是克雷格•文特尔（Craig Venter）。在生物技术领域的基因专利到个人人类基因组工程，他都是一个经验丰富之人。文特尔博士对生物能源感兴趣不是一天两天了。最开始吸引他眼球的是氢，然后是甲烷；这两种都是大自然细菌的产物。不过现在他又将目光转移到了液体燃料上。他的公司名字很普通——合成基因组公司[与其他公司不同的是，他的公司位于美国的东边，马里兰（Maryland）的洛克维尔（Rockville）]。尽管文特尔不愿详谈，但他也很推崇与制药类似的方法。不错，他已经将他对生物燃料的想法用于“临床试验”——大概就像让两种想法相互竞争，让石油产品做监督，而驾驶员却不知哪个是哪个。 Whether biofuels will ever be competitive with fossil fuels remains to be seen. That will depend on a mixture of economics and politics. But the political rush to back ethanol, just because it is green and people have heard of it, is a mistake. Let a thousand flowers bloom, and see which one wins Dr Venter's Grand Prix. 生物燃料是否是化石燃料的对手还需观望。这一切都取决于经济和政治的混合物。但是政治人物仅仅是因为乙醇环保，而且人所共知就急于推广它，那真是大错特错。且让百花争艳，是看谁可以夺取文特尔的国际汽车大奖赛桂冠吧！ 16 septembre [Economist]Not losing Facebook in ChinaThe internet 因特网 Not losing Facebook in China “李鬼”在中国 Sep 13th 2007 | SHANGHAI From The Economist print edition Social-networking and video-sharing sites are booming 社交网站和视频共享网站繁荣昌盛 XIAONEI.COM does not just look like Facebook, the booming social-networking website. As well as borrowing its design, it has also lifted its strategy and transplanted it to China. It is not alone. All the big “Web 2.0” sites—those that let people share information, collaborate and link up with friends—have many Chinese knockoffs. YouTube, the video-sharing site that is now part of Google, has over 200 copycats in China, about 10% of them backed by venture capital, says Isaac Mao, an internet investor and a Chinese blogging pioneer. 校内网（XIAONEI.COM）不仅仅是样子看上去像大名鼎鼎的社交网站Facebook。校内网借用了它的设计，并且将其策略搬来移植到中国了。这绝不是个例。那些允许人们共享信息、相互协作、联系朋友的大型“web2.0”网站在中国统统都有大量“李鬼”现身。毛向辉（Isaac Mao）是一位因特网投资人，也是中国博客先锋。他说现谷歌（google）旗下的视频分享网站YouTube在中国有超过200个“李鬼”式网站，其中有10%有风险资本做后盾。 And no wonder, since most Web 2.0 sites do not have official Chinese versions. So enterprising start-ups simply copy the ideas and graphics, and localise them to suit Chinese tastes. The Chinese market is now so saturated that it is much harder to raise money than it was a year ago, says Gary Wang, the boss of Tudou—a site known as the “Chinese YouTube”. This is a good thing, he says, because it means investors are being much more discriminating. 那么web2.0网站大都没有推出中国官方版本就不足为奇了。那些富有进取心的创业者仅仅是将创意和版面复制过来，然后使它们本土化，以适合中国人的口味。土豆网是被誉为中国的“YouTube”，其老板王微（Gary Wang）认为目前中国市场过于饱和，较于一年前很难赚到钱。他同时指出这也许还是个好事，因为正因如此，投资者们才会变得更为明眼一些。 The surge of interest has created some problems, however. There is not enough bandwidth or data-centre capacity to keep up with demand, says Kaiser Kuo, director for digital strategy at Ogilvy China, an advertising agency. This makes some websites painfully slow to use. Another problem is that traffic does not flow smoothly between the networks of China Telecom and China Netcom, the two fixed-line telecoms operators. Many firms deal with this by setting up “mirrors” of their sites. 然而这种投资浪潮引发了一些问题。凯撒郭（Kaiser Kuo）是中国奥美（Ogilvy）广告公司的数字策划主管。他说没有足够的带宽和数据存储空间来满足日益增长的需求。这使得有些网站的速度慢得难以忍受。另一个问题是中国两大固话运营商——中国电信和中国网通之间的数据流通很不流畅。很多公司对此只能建构镜像网站去解决了。 Cultural compatibility is much less of a problem, given the extent to which Chinese society is built on personal connections, or guanxi. Online social-networking is a logical extension of such relationships, says Allison Luong of Pearl Research, an internet consultancy. 文化的相容性倒无大碍，中国社会本身就是建立在人与人的相互联系上，也就是建立在所谓的“关系”上。网络咨询公司Pearl Research 的艾里逊梁（Allison Luong）认为在线交友网站是对这种“关系”的合理化延伸。 Some Chinese start-ups, such as Anothr.com and douban.net, are now seeking customers outside China with English-language websites. Others hope to do deals with foreign Web 2.0 firms. One of Mr Mao's investments is in Wealink, a Chinese site inspired by LinkedIn that has around 1.2m users. It has attracted the attention of the original LinkedIn, and the two firms have discussed a tie-up. “Who knows?” says a smiling Mr Mao. “Maybe in the future we'll see Wealink buy LinkedIn.” 中国的一些新兴网站，譬如哪吒网（Anothr.com）和豆瓣网（douban.net）正通过英文网站搜寻中国地区之外的客户。另外有些则希望同国外的web2.0公司合作。毛先生的一个投资项目就是若邻网络（Wealink）。这个网站是复刻了LinkedIn，拥有大约120万用户。若邻网络吸引了LinkedIn的注意，而且两家公司已经商谈过合并事宜。“谁知道呢”，毛先生笑眯眯地说：“说不定将来还会看到若邻（Wealink）收购LinkedIn呢！” 15 septembre [2007.09.15] [Economist]Exoplanets--survivorExoplanets 外星球 Survivor 幸存者 Sep 13th 2007 From The Economist print edition A planet avoids being engulfed 行星“虎口脱险” THE Book of Revelation has the world ending in a fiery hell. Astronomers have long come to a similar conclusion: that the Earth will be obliterated by a giant fireball as the sun burns up and expands so that its surface touches the planet. Recently, though, they have spotted somewhere that has managed to avoid such a fate. 启示录（THE Book of Revelation）说世界将湮灭成一个火焰炼狱。天文学家也一直持相似结论：当太阳燃烧、膨胀以至于它的表面触碰到地球之时，地球将被这个巨大火球所毁灭。然而就在最近，他们发现有颗行星成功地逃脱了此般厄运。 This planet is orbiting a star in the Pegasus constellation some 50 light years away. The star used to be like the sun, a “main sequence” star that burns hydrogen by nuclear fusion, producing helium. A star can persist like this for 10 billion years. But after that, the hydrogen begins to run out. Instead of fusion taking place in the stellar core, it fizzles towards the surface. The thinner outer layers of the star cannot contain the nuclear reactions so tightly, and the star balloons, obliterating nearby planets. 这颗行星绕飞马座（Pegasus constellation）中的一颗恒星做轨道运动，距离约为50光年。这颗恒星曾和太阳一样，是颗“主序星”（“main sequence”）。它通过核聚变燃烧氢，从而产生氦。一颗星可以持续这种状态达100亿年。但自此之后，氢将渐渐被用光。这时核聚变将在恒星表面发生，而不再是其在核心了。恒星较薄的外层难以维持这不间断的核子反应，并且它膨胀起来，在行星附近湮没了。 Roberto Silvotti of the National Institute for Astrophysics in Naples and his colleagues spotted the planet, a gaseous giant like Jupiter, circling a star called V 391 Pegasi. The star is in its twilight years, having become a red giant. However it is unusual in that it lost much of the hydrogen from its surface as it ballooned. Only about 2% of red giants follow this fate, to become stars known as “B-type subdwarfs”. This one also radiates with a regular rhythm. 意大利国家天体物理研究所（National Institute for Astrophysics）（在那不勒斯（in Naples））的罗伯特•斯沃迪（Roberto Silvotti）与其同事发现了这颗像木星般的巨大气化行星。它所环绕的恒星被命名为V 391 Pegasi。这颗恒星处于衰退期，已经变成了一个红巨星。然而不同寻常的是，在它膨胀的过程中，大量的氢在其表面消失。只有2%的红巨星会如此演变，成为B型亚矮星（“B-type subdwarfs”）。它也有规律地发生着辐射。 By looking for changes in this pulsing of the star, Dr Silvotti deduced that a planet was orbiting it. Moreover, he was able to measure the tiny delays in the arrival of its pulses that were caused by the planet whipping around it, tugging it to and fro. From these minuscule shifts, the team estimated that the planet is about three times the mass of Jupiter, and orbits its star at a distance slightly greater than that between Mars and the sun. 通过获取这颗恒星脉冲调制发生的变化，斯沃迪博士（Dr Silvotti）推断有颗行星围绕它做轨道运动。而且他还能测量出由于行星往复扰动和牵引而导致的脉冲微小迟滞。从这些微小的变化中，团队推测这颗行星体积有木星（Jupiter）3倍之大，而它与被环绕恒星的距离也要比火星（Mars）同太阳的距离略微大一些。 The researchers reckon that the planet was once at a distance roughly equal to that of the Earth from the sun, and that when it expanded, the red giant star would have encompassed some 70% of that distance. The planet then spiralled out to take up its present orbit. They report their work in the September 13th issue of Nature. 研究人员猜想这颗行星与被环绕恒星的距离曾经跟地球到太阳的距离大致相当，当它膨胀之后，这颗红巨星占据了彼此之间距离的70%。而这颗行星就以螺旋线的形式游弋到现在所占据的轨道上。他们将自己的工作发表在了9月13号的《自然》（Nature）杂志上。 The discovery suggests that the Earth may survive the explosion of the sun, even if life on Earth would not. If so, the end might come not in a blaze of glory but in the cold darkness of a universe that expands for ever. 这项发现暗示，尽管地球上的生物难逃劫数，但地球却可能在太阳的爆炸中幸免于难。假如真是这样，世界终将湮灭在无尽膨胀宇宙的严寒与黑暗之中，而非熊熊烈焰之中。 14 septembre 成都15日杂记今天天气不错，心情大好，写几个字，对我这段时间做个总结。 来成都半个月了，但天气一直不是很好，几乎天天下雨。不过真像诗里写的“随风潜入夜，润物细无声”，有时在宿舍呆久了，到阳台上活动下身子，就发现雨已经下了很久了。成都的雨下德无声，而且阴晴转换也是很快。乌压压的云转瞬间就变成白云朵朵，太阳也极为迅速地绽放光芒了。不过像今天这般晴好天气，确是半月以来头一遭。上成电论坛看了下，有人特意发了个帖子：“你好，阳光成电”。可见阳光也是个稀罕物了。 昨天大一的崽子们军训回来了，以后上课之后去食堂有的抢了。真有点僧多粥少的感觉。我对这个特别反感，不过也不得不抢。说实在的，虽然现在饭菜都贵了些，但质量确实不错。尤其这些日子，似乎越发的好了。而且份量似乎也多于往日。前些日子吃烧白吃了不少，其实想继续吃，但总吃这个，未必太油腻了些。最近爱上4块5的菜了，因为4块5可以吃到烧菜，或者其他很不错的炒菜。之所以贵，是因为抛弃了猪肉，向着鸡肉、牛肉之类进军了。今天上午吃了土豆烧牛肉，份量太大，都把我吃的撑了。下午点了个青椒洋葱炒牛肉，也极好吃。牛肉很新鲜。也吃的非常饱。来了四川读书，不翻着样儿吃东西那就白来了。看到不少人吃面，似乎面也不错，哪天去试试。不过要吃卖弄就要路过卖烧白的地方，总是走到那里，我就止步了，呵呵。餐厅有三层，上过2层，跟一层差不多，所以再也没去过。要说也不费力，电梯上下。三层还没去过，明天去去。 宿舍环境蛮好，二人间。阳台+卫生间。我们的房子设计的不错，但不幸的是，这个四角大楼里，唯独我们连一分阳光都晒不到，感觉挺恼火的。不过好处是，我们离着开水房很近，就在旁边，所以热水瓶都没买，要喝拿杯子去，要用拿桶去，都很方便。正好我们离洗澡间也不远，不过比开水房稍微远一点。这样才好，因为有人经常在里面上厕所，味道浓浓的，稍微远点才好。公共卫生间有洗衣机和洗澡间。设施还不错。等会儿上点图给大家看。 学校规划4300亩，修好不到五分之一。我们上课的是基础教学楼，感觉已经不小了。但这只是个基础教学楼，主教学楼还不知道要盖多大。基础教学楼三个区，ABC三区。进去我没方向感，还好学校有指示牌，不然我进去估计很难出来。所有的教室都为多媒体教室，老师写字的机会不多，当然，他们写出来也不是很好认得。学校的确很气派，但因为设施还未完善，学生也不多，所以总是感觉缺点味道。 最后说说教学。来了之后新鲜感很重，但上课一周发现教的好的老师不多。唯一一位教数学物理方法的老师，教的好极了。他也是唯一一个不用多媒体的老师，全是手写，写满一擦，富有激情。剩下的老师就不好说了，自习才是王道。 来点轻松的，昨天去本部买了很多书，花了93元。居然碰到卖糖炒栗子的，8块买了一斤，于今天上午全部消灭完毕。炒得不错，但栗子本身太差了。学校的超市卖的东西很差，所以要吃点零食还要找机会到城里或者镇上去买。不怎么方便。尤其是到了周末，学生们大量涌入城里，公交都要挤爆了。还是呆在宿舍为好。 就这些了，弄点图大家欣赏我们的大庙。之所以叫大庙，因为成电女生很少，而且从正面难以引起男人的欲望。 12 septembre [2007.09.08]The ultimate game gearThe ultimate game gear 游戏终极装备 Sep 6th 2007 From The Economist print edition Video games: New furniture, controllers and screens are helping to make video games evenmore immersive and realistic 电子游戏：新式家俱、控制器和显示屏正促使电子游戏更加令人着迷，也使其更为逼真  AUDRA MCIVER, a publicist, was attending the New York Toy Fair in February when she came across a display of gaming chairs—seats designed specifically for playing video games. She sat down to try one, and the experience proved to be so engrossing that she remained in the chair, glued to the screen and playing “Project Gotham Racing 3”, for several hours. Passers by began asking her for product details, thinking she worked for the chair's manufacturer, at which point she realised just how long she had been sitting in it. “That was a great chair—I just loved it,” she recalls. AUDRA MCIVER是位传媒宣传人员，2月份她在纽约的玩具博览会上无意看到了一款被展出的游戏座椅：这是为玩电子游戏特别设计的“坐骑”。她试着去坐坐，而这一坐就让她“陷”如其中：她坐在椅子上，眼睛眨也不眨地盯着屏幕，玩着Project Gotham Racing 3，一玩就是个把小时。过往的人开始询问她一些产品细节，并认为她是这家椅子制造商的雇员，此时她才意识到她坐在椅子上有多久了。“那真是把超爽的椅子，我爱死它了” AUDRA MCIVER如此回忆道。 Most gamers are quite happy to sit on a sofa or a beanbag when playing “Gears of War” or “Grand Theft Auto”. But as other aspects of gaming become more realistic, from high-definition graphics to vibrating controllers, manufacturers sense an opportunity to offer dedicated gaming furniture, controllers designed for specific gaming genres and new types of fancy screens. 很多游戏玩家在玩“战争游戏（Gears of War）” 或者 “侠盗飞车（Grand Theft Auto）”时很乐意坐在沙发或者豆袋椅上。而随着游戏的方方面面（从高精度画面到振动控制器）变得越来越逼真，制造商嗅到了一个商机：推出游戏专用座椅，为特定游戏类型设计的控制器以及各式新潮花哨的显示屏。 The Raptor, for example, made by the Ultimate Game Chair company, has built-in speakers and features 12 motors that provide a full-body version of the vibration effects delivered through hand-held controllers. Pyramat's S5000 Sound Rocker is another chair with built-in speakers; it uses wireless technology to beam the audio signals from the console. The Nethrone goes further: it is an ergonomic seat in an adjustable chrome frame which doubles as a monitor stand. The whole thing looks like a machine for subjecting astronauts to high G-forces, but is meant to allow gamers to play while reclining in comfort. 譬如说由极限游戏椅（Ultimate Game Chair）公司设计的猛禽（Raptor）拥有内置扬声器，颇具特色的12只马达使整个身体对振动效应有了全新的感受，而这种振动传及手持控制器。（Pyramat）的S5000 Sound Rocker是另外一款内置扬声器的座椅；它通过无线技术将控制台的音频信号播放出来。Nethrone则更进一步：这是款符合人类环境改造学的座椅。它被放置于一个可调整的铬合金结构体中。而这个结构体还兼作为显示器。这东西整体看来就像让宇航员承受超重力的机器，但它却旨在使游戏玩家在玩游戏时保持舒服的姿态。 Fancy controllers are another way to increase the realism of certain games. Racing games found in arcades have steering wheels and pedals; wheels such as Logitech's NASCAR Racing Wheel can now be bought for use at home by those truly obsessed with driving simulators. The same is true of joysticks. The most advanced models, such as the ThrustMaster Top Gun Afterburner Force Feedback made by Guillemot, now resemble those found in fighter aircraft in their layout and complexity. 奇异的控制器也可以用来增加某些游戏真实性。设置在小巷的赛车游戏有方向盘和踏板；那些真正迷恋驾驶模拟器的人会把像罗技（Logitech）的纳斯卡赛车方向盘（NASCAR Racing Wheel）这样的方向盘带回家去用。游戏手柄也是如此。最为先进的模型，譬如Guillemot公司的ThrustMaster Top Gun Afterburner Force Feedback在外形和复杂性上都可以与战斗机上的相媲美。 The popularity of the “Guitar Hero” series of games, in which players must press coloured buttons in time with classic rock tracks, means that many televisions in gaming households now have small, plastic electric-guitar controllers propped up next to them. “Rock Band”, a game in a similar vein that will be released later this year, will have bass-guitar and drum-kit controllers, too. Players may look ridiculous, but they would not enjoy such games nearly as much without these special controllers. 在“吉他英雄（Guitar Hero）”系列游戏中，游戏玩家必须随着经典摇滚的音轨，及时地按下彩色的按钮。而这款游戏的流行就意味着很多用于家庭游戏的电视旁会有一个小型塑料电子吉他控制器。与其相类似的“摇滚乐队（Rock Band）”将在今年随后推出，它也同样拥有贝司和鼓控制器。游戏玩家可能看起来有些可笑，但要不是这些特别的控制器，他们恐怕不会如此热衷这类游戏的。 A lot of innovation is also going on in the field of displays. PC gamers tend to sit right in front of their screens while gaming, whereas console gamers tend to sit a bit further away. Sitting close to a large display, be it a monitor or a widescreen television, provides a particularly immersive experience, because the game occupies almost all of the player's field of vision. Taking that a step further, Matrox, a Canadian firm that makes display cards for PCs, has devised “TripleHead2Go”. This is a box that combines three separate monitors so that they behave like a single, very large, very wide monitor. In games with a first-person perspective, such as “Unreal” or “Half-Life 2”, the monitors can then be arranged to mimic peripheral vision. And flight-simulator fans can simulate the view from an aircraft's cockpit windows. 还有大量的创新开垦着显示这一领域。在玩游戏的时候，电脑游戏玩家都倾向于坐在屏幕的正前方，然而console游戏玩家则往往要坐的稍稍远一点。电脑屏幕也好，宽屏电视机也罢，靠近一个巨大的显示屏坐下都是种特别令人着迷的体验。因为游戏几乎占据了游戏玩家的整个视野。一个加拿大名为迈创（Matrox）的公司做得更绝：这个制作电脑显卡的公司设计了“TripleHead2Go”。它是个盒子，其中整合了三个独立的显示器，这样，三个显示器运行起来就像一个很宽大的显示器了。在诸如“虚幻（Unreal）”或者“半条命-2（Half-Life 2）”这类单人视角的游戏中，这些显示器就可以被用于模拟周围视觉。飞行模拟器迷们也可以模拟飞行器座舱窗口的视觉了。 Mitsubishi, meanwhile, is adding a new feature called “Game FX” to its ultra-large DLP televisions (which measure up to 73 inches diagonally). This will double the usual frame-rate to enable two separate sets of images to be interleaved. Using special glasses, players can alternate between images for the right and left eyes, so that the television becomes a three-dimensional display, at least for games that support this feature. 同时三菱（Mitsubishi）将一个名为“Game FX”的新要素注入到其超大等离子电视（对角线宽度达到73英寸）中。这项技术让平常的帧频加倍，从而使得两张分离的图像交织起来。通过使用特制眼镜，游戏玩家可以在两张分别为右眼和左眼准备的图像中做出选择。如此这般，这款电视就变成了一个三维的显示屏——至少对支持此项技术的游戏来讲是这样的。 A different approach to immersion comes from Philips, which includes a technology called amBX in some of its televisions. Its main feature is “ambient lighting”, in which lights behind and around the screen bathe the room with the same hues shown on screen. Also available are extra speakers, fans and vibration packs, all of which can be triggered when necessary by suitably programmed games. Several video-game publishers, including Codemasters, Gearbox Software and THQ, have agreed to support the technology. 对于引人眼球，飞利浦（Philips）有着不同的手段。一种用于其某些电视机中、名为amBX的技术就是手段之一。这项技术的主要特点就是“环绕灯效”：灯光环绕屏幕，使得整个房间都沐浴在与屏幕相同的光线中。另外还有备用的扬声器，风扇以及防振包装。只要出现适宜的游戏引起需求，这些都将统统派上用场。一些游戏发行者，包括Codemasters, Gearbox Software和 THQ都答应支持此项技术。 Where will it all end? Harvey Smith, a respected game designer who has worked on titles including “System Shock” and “Thief”, says the most immersive experiences depend not on fancy technology, but on good design, and the ability to create a coherent and believable game world. Despite all the gadgets that are now available, he says, “nothing is as immersive as a good book.” 什么时候才是个头呢？哈维史密斯（Harvey Smith）这位曾经为“System Shock” 和 “Thief”拟名。备受敬重的游戏设计者坦言最为令人着迷的体验并非依赖于花哨的技术，而是依赖于好的设计和创造出连贯可信的游戏世界的能力。尽管各式各样的小发明应用进来，但他说“没什么比一本好书更令人着迷了。” 4 mai 光棍诗灵魂渴望超度， 心灵渴望归宿， 而我则迫切渴望著有个媳妇。 众里寻她千百度， 踏平脚下路。 蓦然回首细环顾， 大婶大娘无数。 偶有美女光顾， 还是有夫之妇， 余下大多数， 基本不堪入目。 时间犹如脱兔， 匆匆不肯停步。 转眼就把我拖到了该当爹妈的岁數。 然而上天却挺可恶， 对我不管不顾。 把我培养的庸庸碌碌， 难以获得少女的爱慕。 我曾向月老求助， 求他将我单身的生涯结束。 而他给予我的眷顾， 竟是接踵而至的恶女和怨妇。 比起她们的飞扬跋扈， 以及对我精神上的无情屠戮， 我更愿意选择让步， 甘心走向黄泉之路。 无助，无助。 其实我并非一无是处。 我有很多的优点可以列举和陈述。 但我不知道是什么缘故， 我竟无法得到过别人的敬仰和拥护。 我的爱心彰明较著， 最最热心于公益捐助。 为了祖国福利和体育事业的长足进步，、 我不知疲倦的奔波于体彩和福彩中心投注； 为了向世人体现优越的社会主义制度， 以及在党和国家的领导下我们小康的程度， 我毅然决然的增加了喝酒的次数， 终于练出了代表富足的啤酒肚； 我还坚持为人民服务，用我最大的热情为别人提供帮助。 为了让我这片心意落到实处， 我硬是把不愿过去的大娘也搀过了马路…… 而我得到的赞扬却远远少于挨骂的次数。 我不明白我的努力换来的为何只是别人的不屑一顾甚至是愤怒。 是因为我过人的天赋， 让他们相形见绌， 还是我高尚的品格和气度， 让他们产生了深深的嫉妒？ 我的优秀并没有让我自负， 更没有因为自己的伟大而恃才傲物。 本以为这样才能有女孩对我暗生情素， 谁知我等到现在也还沒有一点迹象和眉目。 其实要把女人比做猎物， 我则是一个迷茫的猎户。 因为我实在是不懂狩猎的技术。 该跟著群雄逐鹿， 还是该继续著守株待兔， 思考了很久也没有整理出一条清晰的思路。 也许这便也成了我的桎梏， 成了我无法得到爱情的又一大因素。 或许曾经的某次时机被我奢侈的贻误， 就造成了现在的万劫不复。 咱们这个国度， 人口资源丰富。 但为何娶不到老婆的男人还是不计其数？ 是因为封建思想的束缚， 打乱了男女的比例和数目， 还是因为社会的退步， 又重新开始了一夫多妻的制度？ 有时想想也他妈愤怒， 你说凭啥大款就可以包养了Ｎ个情妇？ 难道只为著权利和财富， 就可以不受道德的约束， 并置我们光棍于不顾， 抢占著资源无数？ 怪也怪女人们过于世故， 对金钱和地位的趋之若鹜。 只知道花园洋房和别墅， 早把真情的概念颠覆。 沖动时我真恨不得变成动物， 哪怕只是头卖力的牲畜。 听凭主人的吩咐， 不用感受做人的无助。 或者干脆来个移花接木， 彻底的做个变性手术。 跑到人群中滥竽充数， 也好让同胞们多一条可以选择的出路。 街上的婚介星罗棋布。 我也曾幻想著他们能帮我打开销路。 然而最终的结果是让我明白了什么叫认贼作父， 并被婚托儿们榨干了我几年的收入。 吃不著猪蹄儿能看看猪跑也算对我心灵创伤的平复。 所以能看到美女的繁华地段成了我最爱的去处。 每当看著她们迈著款款的猫步， 在我的视线里出出入入， 我总是能感受到久违了的心跳并顺便痛心一下她们的已为人妇。 现实的打击让我鸡肠小肚。 我最看不惯情侣们当众亲密过度。 只要看到有人稍越雷池半步， 我就会上前阻止并提醒他们病出口入。 结果自然不必赘述， 我经常会体验到肢体语言的丰富。 尽管如此我也并没有减少对此事的关注， 反而更觉得有必要加大宣传的攻势和力度 沒有爱的倾注， 我如涸辙之鲋。 这样的生活确实很难让我安之若素。 看著朋友们已为人父， 小生活过的美满和睦， 我又何尝不是深深的羡慕， 并渴望著感情上的脱贫致富？ 都说男儿有泪不扑簌， 但那绝对是未到伤心处。 有谁知道泪水已经多少次模糊了我心灵的窗户？ 況且咱都是沧海一粟， 凭啥我就不能在爱情的海岸登陆？ 只能一口一口的吃著干醋， 被动的尽著晚婚晚育的义务！ 人生本来就短促，我又怎能就这样默默的虚度？ 为了尽快给自己找一个归宿， 我决心不择手段的全力以赴。 错误，错误。 这种想法最终成了我难逃的劫数。 没想到我一时的慌不择路， 竟上演了那样惨绝人寰的一幕。 那是我走投无路， 勾引了有夫之妇。 谁知道罪行败露， 被人家当场抓住。 只后悔不会武术， 没能够杀出血路。 无奈的任人摆布， 惨遭了打击报复。 他们恼羞成怒， 打得义无反顾。 片刀循环往复， 板砖频频招呼。 我浑身血流如注， 俩腿还不住抽搐。 走错那罪恶一步， 差点就死不瞑目。 恐怖，恐怖。、 真庆幸我还能把命保住。 那场我自导自演的前车之覆， 带给了我贼深贼深的感触。 往事历历在目， 我此刻一一追溯。 经历了苦痛挣扎后的觉悟， 终于上升到了前所未有的高度。 问世间情为何物， 我算是大彻大悟。 感情上的事儿看来还真不能过于盲目。 是你的挡不住， 不是你的留也留不住。 别人的老婆就是再好也不能轻易接触。 有道是皮之不存毛将焉附， 我要是ＯＶＥＲ了还上哪儿去找我的贤内助？ 更何况人生短促， 还有很多东西值得我们珍惜和呵护。 爱情的光环固然眩目， 也毕竟不是生命的全部。 岁月的痕痕无孔不入。 无有爱情的皮囊苍老的更加迅速。 看著我那用蒸汽熨斗都已無法熨平的面部， 真不知还有谁肯向我将她的终身托付。 等待著等待到行将就木， 持续著持续到人生落幕。 盼望吧盼望著解决光棍待遇的法规早日颁布， 但愿啊但愿我首先踏入的能够是婚姻的坟墓 16 avril 淘宝店开张了好容易考研结束，我便迫不及待地开了店。不能29岁还是个穷学生，我只是这么想。有钱总是好的。
其实开店的过程也蛮辛苦的。方方面面需要自己仔细考虑。很多方案会在躺在床上辗转反侧的时间里被酝酿出来，也会被彻底地否定掉。想了无数个idea，做了无数次调研，终于下定决心来做现在的事情。做事情之前，一定要左思右想，一定要慎之又慎，一定要去预料惨败之后我会怎么样。而一旦把钱投入其中，那便只要勇猛的往前进了，呵呵。
说到钱，本来安排的很好的资金运作突然出现了周转不灵，到处借才借到一些，从银行出来我口袋只有几块钱了，呵呵。希望坎坎坷坷之后，会有好的将来吧~
几天值得纪念，4月16日。 12 avril 终于熬成硕硕我这封信写的很慢，因为知道你看字不快。我们已经搬家了，不过地址没改，因为搬家的时候把门牌带来了。这礼拜下两次雨，第一次下3天，第二次下4天。昨天我们去买比撒，店员问我要切成8片还是12片，我说8片就成了，12片吃不完。我给你寄去件外套，怕邮寄时超重，把扣子剪下来放口袋里了。嫦娥生了，因为不知道是男是女，所以不知道你是该当舅舅还是阿姨。最后告诉你本来想给你寄钱。可是信封已经封上了 元旦快到了,别忘了给孩子们讲讲很久很久很久以前的事：那时 候天还是蓝的，水也是绿的，庄稼是长在地里的，猪肉是可以 放心吃的，耗子还是怕猫的，法庭是讲理的，结婚是先谈恋爱 的，理发店是只管理发的，药是可以治病的，医生是救死扶伤 的，拍电影是不需要陪导演睡觉的，照相是要穿衣服的，欠钱 是要还的，孩子的爸爸是明确的，学校是不图挣钱的，白痴是 不能当教授的，卖狗肉是不能挂羊头的，结婚了是不能泡MM的 ，买东西是要付钱的，看完不转发出去是要被打屁股的。 27 mars 夜深无题随着时间的临近，我不禁为马上到来的复试担忧起来。一则是败不起。备战研究生考试是个漫长的过程，更是一个巨大的风险投资。既然初试过了，显然成功的概率就大了。而复试虽然录取率高，但这更意味着一旦被杀，就显得更加地不幸。其二是我本身是跨专业考研。这两个月学习的知识是我先前从未接触过的，而且我不得不承认眼下学习的知识只能算是知道了皮毛，书本中的精髓和要义我始终无法把握，甚至我难以发觉哪些是精髓。抱着这样的成果去复试，当然不敢讲十拿九稳。而复试却要求十拿九稳。 这几天看信号还算容易，碰到电磁场就彻底晕菜。有时候一个下午看下来也是一头雾水，真有点小猴掰玉米的感觉。看过的东西知识点多，高等数学的应用又极深，加上自身从未接触过，感觉万分头痛。昨天一位研友在聊天里埋怨电磁场太难，而物电学院的专业课试卷又是英文，愁苦得很。而我笔试报了信号，则相对轻松一些。不过据说面试无论如何也会问到电磁场的知识的。再者，等离子体这门专业将来也要求掌握电磁场，而且一开学便会有高能电磁场的课程。所以即使这次凭借灌输式的死记硬背蒙混过关，暑假期间还是要真正坐下来，认真研读电磁场的书本了。 复试考完后续的安排很多，我还不确定哪些去做哪些不去做。如果时间安排得合适，我希望多做一些事情。设想的总是好的，只怕实际操作要比设想来得复杂，自己又怕了困难，反倒什么也做不成了。今天跟我爹沟通了一番，看来起码有件事够我忙的。暂且不能说，涉及机密说了就不好了。呵呵 一天没接到录取通知，我一天不得安宁～～～ 21 mars 愚人节，俺就出发好久没更新了，实在是没时间没心情。考研分数线下来了，复试的时间也逼近了。4月8号复试。准备1号就动身，允许的话顺便拜访一下导师。有人说去拜访导师要给贵重东西，有的说带点家乡特产，有的说啥都不要带，俗。头大，但过来人都信誓旦旦地，都举出某某如何死在这些事情上的。叫你那个难受啊。不过我决定啥也不带了，现在市场经济了，成都那么大，家乐福遍地都是，还买不下山西老陈醋？干脆，去了成都买点水果去拜访得了。既显得礼貌又不俗气，雅俗共赏的好办法运用而生。现在要我写点啥，我就是写不出来。谁知道20天后我的命运呢？还是考完再细说吧。
怀念四川火锅和美女。听说电子科大今年入校新生要搬到新校区，我靠，我上大学就住了两套新宿舍，而今还是这样。命也太好了吧？据说电子科大宿舍其差无比，老鼠见人都爱理不理的。厕所不但是公共的，而且你蹲坑时，不得不看着对面的蹲坑者，当然也不得不接受对方凌厉的眼神……如果搬新校区，我估计不在外租房了。妈的，谁知道这是好还是坏？ 11 mars killing my time今天早上起了个早，6点钟看了皇马跟巴萨的比赛，只看了下半场。虽然最后打到平局略微感到遗憾。但场面的确赏心悦目。不过巴萨在补时十几秒打入扳平一球，才算本场比赛的最大看点。球队作为一个team来说，巴萨简直无可挑剔。看到皇马最后的无奈，却更好地印证了团队的力是多么的伟大。今晚国米对阵AC米兰，也是超级大戏。作为国米的拥趸，我非看不可，呵呵。国米今年也非常好的体现了团队的重要性，不在是球星集中营了。
这几天一直心不在焉，书基本没看，尤其电磁场电磁波，真搞得我心烦。每天的日子无非就是逛逛家电论坛，tompda还有就是看看《friends》。在家电88元买了ck的半袖，有个家伙跑到专卖店看了，490元。坛子里就乱开了，买到的心里美，没买到的都心疼的要死要活的。刚才过去还有几位等着看谁收到货不合适，等着接。我买了2件，真是爽翻＋美死了。俺可没穿过专门贵的衣服，还是半袖！
手里有3000多，不知道怎么用。就像手里有5毛钱，想做烙饼一样。5毛可以买葱，也可以买面。但就是买了葱就没钱买面，买了面就没钱买葱。而且，心想得买DC，现在人在山西，可是未来三年在成都过，到底是在山西买还是去成都买？三千烦恼丝，丝丝要命啊。
今天还问了在成都工作的同学，我大学四年的舍友，整天问我买本子买dc，我顺便问了句：“准备结婚么？”不过被否定了。听令一个舍友讲，此女乃川大华西医科大的，牛逼！看来大病小情的以后还有的靠了。我这舍友也是烂嘴，本来考研刚知道分数，我想着等分数线下来在语言不迟，甚至到复试结束了也不迟。他到宣传开了。等到别人短信询问，搞得我很窘。似乎朋友分了三六九等一般，其实不是那么回事。今天小林也打电话问我5K买什么本子好，我真懒得发短信，随便举了HP,ASUS的牌子。这小子倒来一句，说给女朋友买。我直接回话要操他祖宗。才认识几天呐，换成老子连50块的计算器都不给买。还好他又补充来说是女生自己的钱，我才放心，不过心头暗想这不成了吃软饭的了？
大家都有了女人，我还要tmd上学。据说电子科大没什么女人，能看的更少。研究生据说都在万人坑住着。这几天就忙开了，咱不能把青春全扔在那儿，还是出来租房住，没有女朋友，还不兴一夜情么。没一夜情，还不兴花钱买个乐子啊？
呵呵，25岁的心声。 10 mars 2006贱语录谁贱？你贱、我贱他更贱，2006贱语录！ 1.人的一生就象在拉屎,有时你已经很努力了可出来的只是一个屁.、 2.小时侯，我家里很穷，没钱买自行车，我只好每天打的上学。初中的时候，因为我成绩太突出，学校领导留我多读了两年。初中毕业后，高中的校长觉得我很有前途，就多收了我三万。高三的时候，班主任认为我已经有独立生存的能力，于是让我退了学。 3.某鲜花店的广告：今日本店的玫瑰售价最为低廉，甚至可以买几朵送给太太。 4.我和超人的唯一区别是把内裤穿在里面了！ 5.避孕的效果：不成功，便成“人”。 6.我不是随便的人！但随便起来就不是人！ 7.虽然你是暴牙！别自悲，暴牙很好！暴牙可以刨地瓜，下雨可以遮下巴，喝茶可以隔茶渣，野餐可以当刀叉，你说暴牙是不是顶呱呱！ 8.家庭顺治、生活康熙、人品雍正、事业乾隆、万事嘉庆、前途道光、财富咸丰、内外同治、千秋光绪、万众宣统！ 9.我是一颗葱，站在风雨中，谁敢拿我沾大酱，X他老祖宗！走过南~闯过北~厕所后面喝过水，火车道上压过腿，还和傻子亲过嘴。上过山、打过虎~少林寺上练过武，左青龙，右白虎，常拿别人当二百五，还拿释迦摩尼喂老虎！金字塔上跳过舞,耶稣头上打过鼓. 10.我身在江湖,江湖却没有关于我的传说! 11.关于丁字裤：以前，脱下内裤看屁股；现在，拔开屁股看内裤…… 12.走别人的路,让别人无路可走! 13.我就像一只趴在玻璃上的苍蝇,前途一片光明,而我却找不到出路. 14.浑人落魄江湖行，东西南北分不清。撞到墙角浑不觉，躺在地上数星星! 15.聽說女人如衣服，兄弟如手足。回想起來，我竟然七手八腳的裸奔了19年！ 16.宿舍的弟兄决定对舍友实施以下惩罚：让其抱着贴满老中医广告的电线杆，饱含热泪充满深情的大声呐喊：我的病终于有救了啊！ 17.插人家洞的是插头，有洞被人家插的是插座！ 18.三过女厕所而不入！ 19.老鼠从不浪费晚上的时间，而我们人类却浪费了每天的三分之一. 20.“什么叫乐观派的人？”“这个……就像茶壶一样，屁股都烧得红红的，他还有心情吹口哨！” 21.宁愿相信世间有鬼，也不相信男人那张嘴！ 22.现在最“损”人的一句话是：“你真TMD陈水扁呀” 23.没有人值得你流泪，值得你流泪的人不会让你流泪！ 24、男人靠的住，母猪能上树。 25、当大学从我身上下来，提着裤子说：你可以走，但青春必须留下，此刻才恍然大悟不是我上大学而是大学上了我！ 26、其文五百年不朽，其人一千年不朽，一千年以后，世界末日，什么都朽了。 27、有人向我挑战说：你放马过来。我不回话，只是疾弛而去，然后马后炮打倒他。 28、所谓长大，就是你知道那是什么事，所谓成熟，就是你知道后故意说不知道。 29、工作要做到“被饭催”，而不是“等饭吃”。这样才及格。 30、知道看人背后的，是智者和唯美主义者，知道背后看人的，是奸雄。 31、胆小的伪君子把白的说成灰的；胆大的伪君子把黑的说成灰的，颠倒黑白最成功的不是颠倒黑白，而是没有了黑白。 32、铁杵能磨成针，但木杵只能磨成牙签，材料不对，再努力也没用。 33、笨人的可怕之处并不在其笨，而在起自作聪明。、 34、小便后忘记拉上拉链，你就是中年人了；小便后忘记拉下拉链，你就是老年人了。 35、洗澡是屁股享福，脑袋吃苦；看电影是脑袋享福，屁股吃苦，在这里看博的是脑袋、屁股都吃苦。 36、网上自古无娇娘，残花败柳一行行，偶有几对鸳鸯鸟，也是野鸡配色狼。 37、怎么维持身材呢？暴饮暴食。 38、学问之美，在于使人一头雾水；诗歌之美，在于煽动男女出轨；女人之美，在于蠢得无怨无悔；男人之美，在于说得白日见鬼。 39、你瞧你吧！看背影急煞千军万马；转过头吓退百万雄师。还看什么看,就是说你! 40、戳瞎眼睛拔光头发泼一脸的硫酸敲掉牙齿割掉舌头做成人棍。 41、如果回帖是一种美德，那我早就成为圣人了。 42、宁可让中国没有一个处男，也不能让日本有一个处女。 43、男人长的帅有个屁用呀？到银行能用脸刷卡吗？ 44、你唱歌绝对不会把狼引来，真的——你只会把狼吓跑。 45、如果你恨一个男人，就把他的女人揍成李宇春，让他无法享受上半身的快乐，如果你狠一个女人，就把她的男人揍成李宇春，让她无法享受下半身的快乐。 46、他的刀是冷的，剑是冷的，心是凉的，血是冷的，靠，这人不死了吗？ 47、真的不想再做了——因为铁杵已经磨成了“绣花针”了。 48、东风吹、战鼓擂、美人醉、盼君回、捷报飞、壮士归。 49、手来手断、脚来脚断、脑袋来了西吧烂。 50、聊天诚可贵，网费价更高，若为睡觉故，二者皆可抛。 51、上网不聊天，气死活神仙。 52、此人已死、有事烧纸。 53、天马流星拳——庐山升龙霸——凤翼天翔——钻石星尘——星云锁链——还不死的话请留言。 54、师傅正在组织专项会议研究到底要清炖白骨精还是红烧。 55、迎风淌眼泪、撒尿嗤脚背。 56、人老皮肉松、干啥啥不中。 57、妈妈教小孩子小便，一拉链、二掏出、三往后拉、四尿尿、五往前推、六放回进去，七拉链。小男孩长大了！有一天她妈妈在外面听到他在里面喊“三、五；三、五”。555555555555555555 58、人生不能像做菜、把所有的料都准备好才下锅。 59、恐惧让你论为囚犯。希望让你重获自由。 60、正是女人对商场的爱，才使商场变得越来越精彩。女人是商场的救星，每个商场的的门口都应该用最大的字留：感谢女人。 61、低头要有勇气，抬头要有低气。 62、不怕被人利用，就怕你没用。 63、好脾气是一个人在社交中所能穿着的最佳服饰。 64、有时候，我们对别人的小恩小惠感激不尽，却对亲人一辈子的恩情视而不见。 65、只知刚的人，难免会被折断；只有柔的人，到头来终是懦夫。 66、别看我不美，我拿你照样当土匪，别看我不肥，我拿你照样当棒槌。 67、我不在乎你有没有钱，我只在乎你有没有钱途。 68、美人便秘时，与常人无二，话虽然损了点，毕竟也是人家的心声啊。 69、再完美的身材，在不爱她的人的眼里，也是一种解调侃的作料。 70、小树不修不成材、小孩不打不成器。 71、积累久了，可能的导致爆发；而爆发久了，都可能导致崩溃。 72、对上要恭、对下要威、对同级要含而不露。 73、再难再苦，就当自己是二百五，再难再险，就当自己是二皮脸。 74、你说你落后个脑袋还戴个前进帽。 75、炮轰的脑袋还梳个雷劈的逢。 76、我不会讲话，一见人多就结结巴巴，像羊拉屎一样，不合你的胃口请多多包涵。 77、上晓天文，下晓地理，中小儿科，知阴阳，懂八卦，运筹于帷幄之中，决策于千里之外。 78、前骷髅后玄武，左青龙右白虎。 79、解释就是掩饰，掩饰就是编故事。、 80、远看青山绿水，近看痴压裂嘴。 81、不知不觉时间已匆匆，人生往往活在后悔中。 82、蜡炬成灰泪始干，化做春泥我会更胡花。 83、今日不为打狗英斗士，明日竟沦为八卦难民。 84、光说不练假把势、真材实料真功夫。 85、懂得用错误的答案来证明自己对色情是清白的。 86、男人不醉，女人怎么有小费；女人不醉，男人怎么有机会；女人男人都不醉，宾馆没人睡。 87、非常大男子主义，“非常大”正是根据我的某个器官特制而量身定做的。 88、商女不知亡国恨、妓女不懂婚外情。 89、其实很多人说我像粱朝伟，我不愿意承认，因为我觉得做人要做出特色，我还是觉得我长的比较像木村拓哉。 90、我身为和尚，我的任务是把爱分给众生。 91、你拿了我的定海神针，海底失去平衡，害得我们只能移民上岸边。 92、到了山顶才发现，错误的路和正确的路就差那么几步的距离。 93、不蒸馒头争口气行吗？ 94、我吃的盐比你吃的米还多呢？那是你口重；我过的桥比你走的路还多呢？那是你懒的动。 95、忍一忍风平浪静、退不步海阔天空。 96、我没事，十三太保金钟罩，练的就是屁股。 97、人生自古谁无死，啊个拉屎不用纸。 98、就这样让你舒服，脱下你常拉的裤。 99、乐观者在灾祸中看到机会，悲观者在机会中看到灾祸。 100、生气是那别人的错误来惩罚自己。 2006年经典语录21、床前明月光，疑是地上霜，举头望明月，我叫郭德纲。(郭德纲语录) 5、内事不决问老婆，外事不决问Google！(网友语录。何不问百度？我是先问百度，再问Google。) 2006年网上最牛B的100句话1.做男人就要做金刚那样的男人——在世界最高的大楼上为心爱的女人打飞机！！！
2.男人的双手是最好的丰胸良药——终于发现我有一门手艺了……（双手愿为爱人而粗糙！） 3.JJ掉了不过碗大个疤！ 4.如果三天不-我说脏话-，那么你就是处男！ 5.据说从银河系看地球，唯一能看得见的就是我的小JJ了…… 6.我吞下一颗春药，世界立刻变得性感起来~ 7.如果谈恋爱就是谈恋爱的话，那不是耍流氓吗？ 8.爱她，就请为她做无痛人流手术！ 9.她是一个美丽的女孩。她每天刷5次牙！（2006年隐讳签名之绝唱） 11.“**人是人”这句话属于：A.比喻；B.夸张；C.借代；D.拟人。 12.现在中国最大的困境在于——中南海的政策出不了中南海！ 13.一个外国人，不远万里来到中国，毫不利己，专门利人，这是什么精神病？ 14.爷爷都是从孙子走过来的…… 15.我是个无神论者，但在夜里却不敢承认这一点！ 16.手*强身，意*强国。值此国庆之际，我要多意*，为国家的富强做出自己应有的贡献！ 17.一位萎人曾经说过：“像我们这样强烈渴望崛起的民族，更需要时刻用意*来支持我们脆弱的国防以及民众心理。手*只能强身健体，意*方才强国安邦！” 18.其实我是一个天才，可惜天妒英才！ 19.在华（南理）工待久了，看母猪都是双眼皮的…… 20.真爱会不会成为资本主义社会到社会主义社会的化石呢？ 21.都是水何必装醇，都是色狼又何必装羊！ 22.我们产生一点小分歧：她希望我把粪土变黄金，我希望她视黄金如粪土！ 23.所有刻骨铭心的爱都灵魂游离于床上的瞬间~ 24.宁可高傲的发霉，不去卑微的恋爱！ 25.如果你生在中国，那么请先用爱改变自己，再用恨改变环境。 26.忍者神龟说：“要想生活过得去，背上就得带点绿！” 27.你看得见我打在屏幕上的字，却看不到我掉在键盘上的泪…… 28.我趴着睡就强*了地球，我躺着睡就强*了整个宇宙！ 29.不要等人人都说你丑时才发现自己真的丑！ 30.老板，给我来二斤真爱我拿回家喂狗！！ 31.日一群女人是我的本事，被一群女人日是我的魅力！ 32.男人只分两种：一种是好色，另一种是十分好色！ 33.当白天又一次把黑夜按翻在床上的时候，太阳就出生了…… 34.①师太，你就从了老衲吧诶像氖Ю窳耍μ媚懔恕凼μ憔腿牧死像陌桑、馨⒛嵬臃穑像纳洳怀?_-b 35.客官请自重，本姑娘是卖身不卖艺的！ 36.给我一口油井，我来给地球制造高潮！ 37.有尿当尿直须尿，莫等无尿空抖鸟！ 38.嫁言承旭，让周渝民为我终身不娶！！！ 39.高价回收二手精液，两块钱一斤，精壮男士发财新路呦~ 40.承诺就像说“-我说脏话-妈”，老说老说但总也实现不了；实现诺言就像真的要去“-我说脏话-妈”，那真是比登天还难！ 41.长个包子样就别怨狗跟着！ 42.生活把我*了，我把生活阉了…… 43.学海无涯，回头是岸！ 44.不在课堂上沉睡，就在酒桌上埋醉～ 45.漏洞与补丁齐飞，蓝屏共死机一色。 46.宁愿躲在奔驰车里哭泣，也不要骑着单车微笑！ 47.猪有猪的思想，人有人的思想。如果猪有人的思想，那它就不是猪了——是八戒！ 48.我死了，在烈火中我又站起来了，你猜是涅盘，还是尸变？ 49.别说吃你几个烂西瓜，老子就是在东大食堂喝免费汤都不要钱！ 50.期末考试算什么？pass就不是共*产**员！！ 52.在通往牛逼的路上你能一路勃起吗？ 53.美女说：“人为我死，我为鸟亡！” 54.根据荷尔蒙活动的时间规律得出结论：晨练不如早操！ 55.老天，你让夏天和冬天同房了吧？生出这鬼天气！ 56.用我的粗度测量你的宽度，用我的长度测量你的深度！ 57.当肉体得到满足，灵魂重新拾起前进的方向…… 58.我都帮你娶了8个老婆你还不开心啊？是不是非要弄得血流成河你才甘心啊～ 59.男人有冲动可能是爱你，也可能是不爱，但没有冲动肯定是不爱！ 60.钱财女人皆粪土，甘作苍蝇为粪劳！ 61.不要在一棵树上吊死，在附近几棵树上多试试死几次~ 62.当头晕的时候我终于明白了什么叫爱情。 63.你笑我和你们不一样，我笑你们大家都一样~ 64.偶尔幽生活一默你会觉得很爽，但生活幽你一默就惨了~ 65.最欣赏分手时你离开的眼神——没有一丝的留恋！ 66.心终于可以放下了，原来那100多个是人头不是猴头！不然死了那么多猴猴多可惜啊…… 67.不是爱情不分国界，而是爱情不分性别！ 68.宁做地狱守门人，不当天堂看家狗！ 69.神指着天下万国对我说：“臣服于我，这一切都是你的！”我拒绝了神，因为我已经结婚了…… 70.请转告王子，老娘还在披荆斩棘的路上，还有雪山未翻、大河未过、巨老未杀、帅哥未泡……叫他继续死睡吧！ 71.你是疯来他是傻，缠缠绵绵到天涯~ 72.马化腾私下说：“学十年语文没有聊半年QQ效果好！” 73.早餐里吃到刷锅的金属丝很正常，这正说明我们后勤是严格按照先刷锅后做饭的顺序操作的…… 74.见了狗官还不快下跪！ 75.大便的时候要留一半，免得饿得快~ 76.批星戴月上班去，万家灯火回家来！ 77.发工资时，会计对俺说：“你半年领一次工资吧，现在零钱太少了……” 78.收入分四种：狂劳不得，多劳少得，少劳多得，不劳狂得。还好，我是第二种！ 79.偶的脸洗的很干净，苍蝇趴在那里都得摔死。难过的是我口袋比我脸还干净…… 80.本人收入像出纳的帐——日清月结，会计的报表——收支平衡，体育老师的计时器——用完归零，秋风扫剩的落叶——廖廖几张！ 81.女人拥有无数个QQ号只为了调戏一个男人，而男人常用的一个QQ号上却加满了各种各样女人…… 82.男人在不懂的时候装懂，而女人则恰好相反~ 83.让男人珍惜的最好方法就是让他永远得不到，让女人珍惜的最好方法就是不断满足她！ 84.刚开始不给的是女人，后来急着要的还是女人！ 85.爱情就像男人的海绵体，注定坚持不了太久！ 86.我不喜欢只和一个女人上很多次床，我喜欢和很多女人只上一次床！ 87.不要把银行卡密码改成男友生日，总换总换很麻烦的~ 88.与正义良知初恋，失身于政治，嫁给了钱，被世俗包养…… 89.对敌人，要把他从战场拼到坟场里去；对女人，要把她从马路上拼到床上去；对家人，要把他嘴上拼到心里去！ 90.无论男人给女人讲多么多么浪漫的童话故事，里面终不过围绕一个字：床！ 91.爷爷说：“周杰伦出家一定是个好和尚，因为他念的经很好听……” 92.小时候，我是个天才，经过二十多年的社会主义教育后，终于成功的被培育成了庸才！ 93.偶要跟机器猫玩剪刀石头布，非要让它输得倾家荡产！！！ 94.如果中500万，除爹妈不换，其余统统换！ 95.生活TMD好玩，因为生活老TMD玩我！ 96.读书读到抽筋处，文思方能如尿崩！ 97.爱不能联通了，心就在移动了；所以，爱莫轻易移动，心才永远联通！ 98.唱着国歌抢银行！ 99.钓鱼岛是中国的，你——是我的！ 100.找不到恐龙，就用蜥蜴顶 2006年经典语录1狗日的全球化，去你的现代化！ ——云南画家赵青这样表达自己对全球化图景的感受。 连爷爷，您回来了！ ——西安后宰门小学学生用这样的诗句欢迎连战回到母校访问。这句话在台湾成为寒暄的口头语，还被录成手机铃声，名列下载排行榜首。 两岸合作，赚世界的钱，有什么不对？ ——连战北大讲演最能引起共鸣的一句感言。 啊呀！真了不起啊！那么大的一个东西都能搞上天……嗯，嗯，说老实话，为这喜事，我都想入个党做个纪念。 ——沈从文在苏联第一颗人造卫星上天时发出的感叹。 3.3亿美元打一炮，值！ ——某媒体报道“深度撞击”探测器击中坦普尔1号彗星的标题。 中国出口约8亿件衬衫才能抵一架空客380。 ——针对不久前欧盟决定对中国进口的9类纺织品进行调查，商务部部长薄熙来回应说。 在过去的5次市场动荡中，经济学家预测到了15次。 ——“人民币5·18升值”的传言破灭，让人想起了经济学泰斗弗里德曼这句著名的调侃。 我基本同意。 ——兰州市原副市长杨在溪在其涉嫌受贿一案的庭审中，官味十足地回答公诉人提出的指控。 大家都说弄电脑赚钱，世界首富一直好像是个弄电脑的，但是入了这一行，你就会发现挖煤不比它差。 ——一个非法小煤窑主说。 吃了咱火锅，能防禽流感！ ——宁波中山路，某火锅店挂出的横幅。 食物基本有毒，医生基本没用。 ——专栏作家连岳在文章中如此概括当下的食品卫生及医疗服务现状。 老师给我们布置了一篇作文，题目叫“今天下雨了”，我们还没等写呢，水就进来了…… ——一名在黑龙江大洪灾中幸存下来的四年级学生说。洪水袭来之前，教师没有及时疏散学生。 沈阳市政府是不是要推广一次性内衣? ——沈阳市市容条例从2005年1月1日起实施，站在沈阳市一、二级马路上能够看到的建筑物阳台、窗外、屋顶、外走廊不允许吊挂诸如内衣内裤等有碍市容的物品，违者处以50元以上100元以下罚款，市民对此颇有非议。 在北京捐赠遗体者必须是北京户口。 ——身患尿毒症决定放弃治疗、专程从河南来京准备捐献遗体的女子王丽香，到同仁医院联系捐赠事宜时，对方这样说。 问：南极为什么没有熊？ 答：年创利税达不到200万，落不了户口。 ——2005年国家公务员考试出了像“南极为什么没有熊”这样的题目，有网友如此作答。 捐了300元以上的同学受到表扬，捐10元以下的被罚站，忘捐钱的要罚补交100元。 ——广州某小学一名一年级学生说。该校被投诉强制要求学生向海啸受灾国捐款。 没有医保和寿险的，不要在天黑后管闲事。 ——网友总结的《广州安全攻略》之一。 睡觉比吃饭重要；老婆比睡觉重要；吃饭很重要。 ——北京大学中文系2005届毕业生朱晓科这样界定自己的欲望。他的同学大多选择了读研这条路，而且，“实话说，就是为了一张文凭”。 你明明叫张三，为什么一跟外国人介绍自己，就要倒过来说是“三·张”呢? ——法国教育部汉语总督学白乐桑认为，推广汉语要强调保持语言的独立和纯洁性，不要盲目地去“适应”外国人的思维方式。“通过语言可以了解这个国家的文化，外国人觉得中国文化具有非常大的吸引力，但中国人自己却似乎比较忽视”。 你这个年轻人思想那么复杂干什么?老是勃起像举着个手枪干吗?抓特务啊? ——浙江电台《伊甸园信箱》主持人万峰的语录之一。在网上，万峰语录和韩乔生语录有着同样的传播率。 社会主义精神文明的一朵奇葩。 ——《南方都市报》评论“超级女声”。 我先走一步，给哥几个打地儿去，先把地儿给置好，就是说到了那边咱也有人。 ——傅彪临去世前对来看望他的朋友说。 我不在江湖，江湖却有我的传说。 ——《无极》与《千里走单骑》将同时上映，不断有媒体将这两部影片相提并论，陈凯歌在接受《新周刊》记者专访时如此表示。 在书房里看40分钟的柏拉图出来到客厅看5分钟的李宇春。 ——学者徐友渔在接受《南方人物周刊》记者采访时说。对他来说，看“超女”是在履行社会责任。 我一定要把脱掉的衣服，一件一件穿回来。 ——舒淇获得金马影后，这句她多年前发下的誓言终于可以实现了。有网友说，“当年不脱该多好，现在就不用穿了”。 8小时睡觉， 8小时工作， 8小时恋爱。 ——大美人萧蔷理想中的“三八”生活状态。 各位观众，江苏队获得了最后的胜利，让我们用热烈的掌声感谢裁判！ ——全运会垒球比赛，现场解说员显得兴奋过度，全运会史上最黑色幽默的段子脱口而出。 9 mars 记录最近的状态很久没更新了，连economist 的文章都没翻。可能觉得有点累。先是奶奶的去世，然后是考研成绩的得知，然后思考考上之后的诸多事情，把自己搞得很狼狈。有时候我会想很远的事情，譬如20年之后。越这么想越觉得眼下时间的宝贵，所以需要抓紧时间，而且要放得开一些。 曾经把我照看长大的奶奶也81岁了，我听到这个岁数的时候很吃惊，她照看我的时候只有56岁，就是妈妈现在的年纪。我太需要做点什么给这些深爱我的人去看看了。我不能再这样，只是默默地接受大家的爱，而一点都没有付出。 考研成绩319，给导师email。导师说这成绩应该没什么问题，嘱咐我好好准备复试。看来导师人还不错。所以最近一直准备复试的科目。这两门都是我从未学过的，自然学起来有些吃力。我有时候想，几年之后我在哪里，做怎样的事情，想也想不到结果。不过我强调，毕业的时候绝不可以是个身无分文的家伙。因为那时我已经29了。没钱不行的年纪。 现在脑子里计划很多，但比较确定的有一个，还需暂时保密:)。。。希望可以投资赚钱，之后呢，我希望学会炒股，研究生3年想学点击鼓。没办法，吉他被太多人学了，小提琴咱指头短，鼓绝对是无奈而又充满神秘的选择。
大概就是这样，路线已经提出，准备上路咯。。。 8 mars 麦兜的经典麦兜:麻烦你鱼丸粗面。 老板：木有粗面 麦兜:是吗，来碗鱼丸河粉吧， 老板：木有鱼丸 麦兜:是吗？那牛肚粗面吧 老板：木有粗面 麦兜:那要鱼丸油面吧 老板：木有鱼丸 麦兜:怎么什么都没有啊？那要墨鱼粗面 老板：木有粗面 麦兜:又卖完了，麻烦你来碗鱼丸米线 老板：木有鱼丸 同学：麦兜啊，他们的鱼丸粗面卖光了，就是所有跟鱼丸粗面的配搭都没了。 麦兜:哦，没有哪些搭配啊，麻烦你只要鱼丸！ 同学：（晕倒） 老板：木有鱼丸 麦兜:那粗面呢 老板：木有粗面 2 mars eco team组员flora走了今天上网无意中看到team中意味兄弟的QQ写着“悼念flora，天堂走好”。实在吓我一跳。细细问问，果然，flora已经去世了。我顺手查了下她的资料。是北京某高校的硕士生。我顿时觉得脑袋有点晕眩。20几岁就要面对死亡，的确是件很难接受的事情，
flora1月份就去世了，没过上年。而且她一直瞒着大家，有时候在群里聊天，flora也说几句，不过关于自己的病，却只字未提。因为论坛开办不久，加上都是网上交流，所以各自对各自都谈不上多了解。不过flora是财经版版主，没想到生病期间一直坚持工作，实在让人肃然起敬。版主的工作量很大，这在我当上科技版之后才发觉。flora居然知道自己时日无多了，还坚持工作，光是这份面对死亡的从容就让我感动不已。也许现在说什么都不重要了，只盼flora能安按心心地在另一个世界度过每一天。 |
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